PAM和SAP交并施用对旱区坡耕地水土保持和作物增产效应及机理研究

As two types of soil chemical regulation materials with significant soil fixing and runoff interception capability and soil water retention capability repectively,PAM and SAP are of great moment to water and soil loss prevention,ecologic environment protection,high efficient agricultural water use and crop yield increase and so on.At present, the studies on PAM and SAP are mainly concentrated on single material according to its functions and its application conditions,while the studis on combined application of PAM and SAP for sloping farmland in arid areas have not been reported. Being aimed at the soloping farmland wiledly distributed in the arid areas in Inner Mongolia, the project,in order to give full play to the comprehensive superiority of PAM soil fixing and runoff interception and SAP water retention, is to systematically analyse the affect of combined application pattern and application quantity of PAM and SAP and ground slope on the physical and hydraulic properties of soil,soil erosion,soil water infiltration,soilwater evaperation,soil water,water and fertilizer use and crop yield of sloping farmland through laboratary and field experiments, illuminate the effect of combined application of PAM and SAP on soil and water conservation and crop yield increase for sloping farmland and their mechanisim, and present forward the technical pattern of combined application of PAM and SAP so as to provide a theoretical basis and a technical support to greatly reduce water, soil and fertilizer losses of sloping farmland and increse its crop yield in arid areas. The project bears important acdemic and application values and a significant locale characheristic. Its study results can also provide a refference for similar areas.

PAM和SAP作为分别具有显著固土截流和土壤水分保蓄能力的两类土壤化学调控材料，对于水土流失防治、生态环境保护、农业水分高效利用、作物增产等意义重大。目前PAM和SAP的研究按各自作用特点和一定应用条件集中在单一材料上，而针对PAM和SAP在旱区坡耕地交并施用的研究未见报导。本项目针对内蒙古旱区广泛分布的坡耕地，充分发挥PAM固土截流和SAP土壤水分保蓄的综合作用优势，通过室内和田间试验，致力于系统分析PAM和SAP交并施用方式、施用量及地面坡度对坡耕地土壤物理和水力特性、土壤侵蚀、土壤水分入渗、土壤水分蒸发、土壤水分、水肥利用及作物产量的影响，阐明PAM和SAP交并施用对坡耕地土壤水、土保持和作物增产效应及机理，提出PAM和SAP交并施用技术模式，为大幅度减小旱区坡耕地水、土以及肥料流失和提高作物产量提供理论基础和技术支撑，具有重要学术和应用价值，地区特色显著。成果也可为类似地区提供参考

PAM和SAP作为分别具有显著固土截流和土壤水分保蓄能力的两类土壤化学调控材料，对于水土流失防治、生态环境保护、农业水分高效利用、作物增产等意义重大。本项目针对内蒙古旱区广泛分布的坡耕地，通过室内和田间试验，致力于系统分析PAM和SAP交并施用方式、施用量及地面坡度对坡耕地土壤物理和水力特性、土壤侵蚀、土壤水分入渗、土壤水分蒸发、土壤水分、水肥利用及作物产量的影响，提出PAM和SAP交并施用技术模式，为大幅度减小旱区坡耕地水、土以及肥料流失和提高作物产量提供理论基础和技术支撑，具有重要学术和应用价值。主要研究结果如下：. PAM和SAP交并施用对土壤水分特征曲线和入渗有显著影响。相同吸力下，PAM和SAP的的施用量越大，土壤含水率也越大。随着PAM和SAP施用量的增加，土壤的稳定入渗率和累积入渗量呈减小趋势，且PAM的影响程度大于SAP。. 随着PAM和SAP施用量的增加，水土流失量、地表径流量和土壤侵蚀量均呈显著减小的趋势，最大降幅在80%左右。PAM和SAP的施用量均为5kg/亩时效果最好，而且，施用PAM固土截流能力强于SAP。. 土壤含水率随着PAM和SAP施用量的增大而增加，施用量越大其越能将水分保持在根系层。PAM和SAP施用量分别均为5kg/亩时，土壤含水率达到最大值，且SAP的水分保蓄能力优于PAM。. PAM和SAP交并施用对全氮淋溶量和全氮流失量有显著影响。坡耕地施加PAM和SAP有效的抑制了土壤养分的流失，且使养分保持在0-15cm土层深度，PAM混施+SAP混施使土壤养分得到了最大化的有效保持。. PAM和SAP的施用能显著增加马铃薯的出苗率和产量。SAP施用量为4kg/亩时产量最高，增产达30.12%。PAM施用量为4kg/亩时产量最高，增产达32.56%。.