含瓦斯煤动力破坏过程电位信号时空演化规律研究

Dynamic disasters such as coal and gas outburst and rock burst become more increasingly serious and complex in deep coal mine, which cast serious impact on the safety of coal mine and underground personnel. The researches on space-time evolution regularity of electric potential(EP) signal, precursory characteristics and its mechanism of dynamic failure of coal containing gas play an important role in fine localization detection of stress and gas coupling dynamic disasters. This project is planned to build electric-acoustic multi parameters experiment system of coal containing gas dynamic failure process, by which the distribution characteristics of EP response rules and EP field were tested and analyzed during dynamic failure of coal containing gas. The space-time evolution regularity of EP signal coal containing gas failure will be obtained. Through the research on EP signal regularities of critical failure state coal and constitutive relation of coal dynamics failure and EP evolution, the EP precursory characteristics during failure process of coal containing gas under the stress and gas coupling effect are revealed. The correlation of anomalous EP distribution risk of dynamic disasters in dynamic process is studied, and furthermore, the EP abnormal evolution regularity of coal or rock dynamic disasters is obtained. Combining with field tests precision of the coal and rock dynamic disaster localization monitoring can be verified. The research has important theoretical significance and actual effects on further understanding the mechanism of gas dynamic disasters, and effectively preventing and guaranteeing safe production in deep coal mine.

深部矿井开采中煤与瓦斯突出、冲击地压等煤岩动力灾害日趋严重及复杂，严重影响煤矿及井下人员的安全。研究含瓦斯煤动力破坏过程的电位信号时空演化规律、前兆特征及其机制对应力与瓦斯耦合动力灾害的精细定位探测具有重要的作用。本项目拟建立含瓦斯煤动力破坏电声多参量信息实验系统，测试分析含瓦斯煤动力破坏的电位响应规律及电位场的空间分布特征，得到含瓦斯煤破坏的电位信号时空演化规律；研究煤体破坏临界状态的电位信号变化规律，研究煤体动力破坏与电位演化的本构关系，揭示应力与瓦斯耦合下含瓦斯煤破坏的电位信号前兆特征；研究现场煤层采动过程电位异常分布与动力灾害危险的相关性，获得煤岩动力灾害危险的电位异常演化规律，结合现场测试进行煤岩动力灾害的区域定位监测验证。该研究对进一步深入认识深部矿井煤岩动力灾害机理及其有效防治，保障煤矿安全生产具有重要的理论意义和实际作用。

随着煤炭资源逐步进入深部开采阶段，煤与瓦斯突出等动力灾害日趋严峻及复杂，监测预警难度增大。针对煤岩动力灾害前兆特征识别及精准监测的应用需求，结合电位响应的优势，本项目紧密围绕含瓦斯煤损伤破坏电位响应时空演化规律的关键科学问题开展了系统研究。首先建立了含瓦斯煤受载及电位测试实验系统，研究了应力与瓦斯耦合作用下煤体损伤破坏电位响应特征规律，揭示了煤体失稳破坏电位时序前兆信息与空间分布异常演化规律。进一步研究揭示了含瓦斯煤损伤破坏的电位响应机制，构建了损伤演化电位本构模型，得到了含瓦斯煤有效应力与损伤的电位表征方法。最后开发了矿用多通道电位监测仪器，现场测试分析了掘进工作面煤体采动破坏过程电位分布与演化规律，研究了掘进面前方煤体电位反演方法，提出了煤与瓦斯突出危险电位精细判识方法。基于模糊数学理论确定电位反演危险临界值，并对掘进工作面前方突出危险进行了区域划分与定量识别，验证结果表明该判识方法准确性高且针对性强。研究成果对深入认识煤岩瓦斯动力灾害的演化规律及精准监测预警，保障煤矿安全生产具有重要的工程应用意义。