智能贴片式健康监控自驱动微系统的理论与应用研究

The wearable healthcare system has attracted so much attention recently, and one of its benefits is monitoring the physiology information of human body by using wearable, flexible and stretchable electronic devices, which prevents several diseases and therefore significantly improves people's living qualities. However, the wearable electronic devices are currently suffering from some essential challenges, such as the sustainable power source, the sensitivity level, miniaturization and integration, etc. Herein, in order to overcome the above drawbacks, this project proposes a self-powered smart patch for health monitoring. The core research target of this project can be summarized as follows, i.e. high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), high-sensitivity active sensors, and biocompatible stretchable materials. First, the surface charge density of TENG will be improved through surface treatment and texturing. The output of TENG will be further enhanced through these improved methods. Second, based on the quantitative relation between mechanical input and electric output, the TENGs will be well designed as active sensors to monitor the physiology data, and the high sensitivity will be achieved by structural optimization. Third, the fabricated devices will be stretchable and biocompatible due to the research and exploration of new materials and new fabrication techniques.

针对当前可穿戴健康监控微系统的持续供能、智能化、微型集成化等关键核心问题，本项目以高性能摩擦纳米发电机、高灵敏度主动式传感器以及具有生物兼容性的柔性可拉伸材料为切入点，结合新型摩擦纳米发电技术与柔性电子贴片技术，提出一种新型的智能贴片式健康监控自驱动微系统，从基础理论和应用两方面对自驱动、高灵敏度、可穿戴健康监测的原理与方法展开深入研究，解决其主动传感结构设计、灵敏度提升、参数优化、低功耗电路、柔性材料与电路的集成加工工艺等共性关键问题，通过材料优化与结构设计高效地将人体自身产生的机械能转化为可存储及使用的电能，为系统的基础供能模块；利用纳米发电机输出电信号与输入机械信号的定量关系，实现主动式传感器，进一步优化结构、提高器件的灵敏度，监测人体外部压力、血压、脉搏、温度等生理参数并进行分析和处理，从而实现新型智能贴片式健康监控自驱动微系统。

针对当前可穿戴器件供能方式单一和传感性能不足等一系列挑战，本研究提出了智能贴片式的健康监控自驱动微系统，从加工工艺、器件设计、集成优化与应用创新等方面展开了自下而上的系统性研究。首先，从探索跨尺度的制备工艺入手，通过掺杂具有不同特性的功能材料，实现各类柔性聚合物的特性拓展与工艺优化；进一步针对自驱动微系统的三类核心器件，研发了以摩擦纳米发电机为代表的单一式或复合式能量采集器件、实现人体运动能和环境中太阳能的高效采集，以超级电容器为代表的能量存储器件，对采集的电能以化学能方式稳定存储，以及以应力传感器为代表的功能传感器件，对人体各类生理信号（温度、压力、湿度、脉搏等）进行非侵入式长期监测；在微系统器件研究的基础上，通过集成化的策略并配合能量管理电路，实现了自充电能量单元的搭建，同时利用能量采集器件输出信号与传感信号的关系，实现了自供能主动式传感，进行能量采集-能量存储-驱动传感的有机结合；最终，面向实时性健康监控的最终目标，通过多器件的协同工作，实现从单一化功能传感、多模态信号监测、到全集成动态响应的应用创新。因此，面向健康监控的智能贴片式自驱动微系统，具有工艺兼容性强、能量输出高效、传感灵敏度高、易于加工集成等特点，在远程医疗、疾病预警、定制化健康管理等相关领域具有广阔的应用前景。