工艺螺杆压缩机喷水雾化机理及内冷却热力过程研究

Process-gas screw compressor has been widely used in the field of petrochemical industry, such as flare gas recovery, compression of feed gas, compression and transportation of natural gas . It is the key equipment of energy conservation, emission reduction and modern coal chemical industry. The cooling method by water-spraying is the requirement to ensure the safe and reliable operation of industrial flow and is helpful to decrease the discharge temperature and decrease the compression work. The mechanism of water atomization is the key factors that affect the internal thermodynamic process of screw compressor. This project focuses on the analysis of the atomization characteristics and the relationship between the jet characteristics and the thermodynamic parameters is studied. The thermodynamic model is established to describe the transient performance of screw compressor, in which the leakage model, heat and mass transfer model and gas pulsation are coupled. The mechanism of heat and mass transfer and leakage is revealed and the transient performance of the screw compressor under variable working conditions is discussed. The design and control method on the amount of injected water and atomization apparatus are proposed. The mathematical model is verified by the experimental data obtained from the test rig of process-gas screw compressor. The research results provide a foundation for further improve the performance of water-injected screw compressor and promotes the development of process-gas screw compressor.

工艺螺杆压缩机在火炬气回收、原料气增压、天然气集输等石油化工领域得到了广泛的应用，是节能减排和现代煤化工的关键设备。喷水内冷却是保障工艺流程安全与可靠运行的需要，也是改善螺杆压缩机排气温度和降低功耗的重要途径之一。喷水雾化是影响压缩机喷水内冷却热力过程的关键因素。本项目着重研究喷水雾化和液滴沉积规律及其对压缩机过程的影响；建立耦合两相泄漏模型、传热传质模型及吸排气流动规律的螺杆压缩机工作过程模拟的综合模型，揭示喷水内冷却的传热传质及两相泄漏机理，研究喷水螺杆压缩机变工况特性；提出螺杆压缩机喷水雾化装置参数优化设计和调控准则。数值模拟结果将通过改造的工艺螺杆压缩机实验台的试验结果进行验证和完善。为改善喷水工艺螺杆压缩机工作性能和改进设计奠定基础，并推动我国工艺螺杆压缩机技术水平的发展。

工艺螺杆压缩机在火炬气回收、原料气增压、天然气集输等石油化工领域得到了广泛的应用，是节能减排和现代煤化工的关键设备。喷水内冷却是保障工艺流程安全与可靠运行的需要，也是改善螺杆压缩机排气温度和降低功耗的重要途径之一。喷水雾化是影响压缩机喷水内冷却热力过程的关键因素。.该项目以喷水工艺螺杆压缩机为研究对象，建立了工艺螺杆压缩机工作过程仿真计算模型，对工艺螺杆压缩机吸气、压缩和排气过程进行了详细的分析，在螺杆压缩机几何模型、泄漏模型、传热模型及气体状态方程的基础上对压缩机的主要性能参数进行了仿真计算。在工艺螺杆压缩机性能试验平台的基础上，进行了增加喷水及雾化装置的改造，完成了喷水工艺螺杆压缩机试验台的搭建。试验研究了压缩机在不同转速、不同喷水量和不同排气压力下的排气量、排气温度、功耗等宏观性能参数。为了验证仿真模型的可靠性，需要对吸气量和轴功率进行试验测量，并与仿真结果进行对比，仿真结果与试验数据结果吻合良好。喷水对工艺螺杆压缩机能够有效降低排气温度，并且能够显著提高吸气量，并且对压缩机轴功率的影响不大，额外耗功较小。对于喷水工艺螺杆压缩机，综合考虑吸气量、排位温度和轴功率等因素，存在一定合适的喷水量，对于本试验样机，比水量约为2~3L/m3能够使得压缩机的排气温度能够得到有效控制，并且喷入的水起到有效的密封作用，使得压缩机吸气量得到明显提高。.本项目建立了描述喷水雾化下工艺螺杆压缩机工作过程的仿真模型，具有较高精确度与可靠性。结合工艺螺杆压缩机喷水雾化试验数据的分析规律，部分成果已经应用于合作单位上海711研究所用于工艺螺杆压缩机的设计和开发工作，取得了一定的实际指导意义。为改善喷水工艺螺杆压缩机工作性能和改进设计奠定基础，并推动我国工艺螺杆压缩机技术水平的发展。