复杂碳酸盐岩储层酸岩非均相反应动力学规律及多元深度改造方法研究

At present, highly efficient exploration, development and production of carbonate reservoir formation has been the front heattopic and aousing general interest in oil engineer reaearch area all over the world. This research mainly aims at typical compound carbonate reservoir formations with high formation tempreture, ultra-high formaion pressure (or low formaion pressure), dolomite (or limestone) ,and the like. Research on systematically formation evalution　method, mechanism of chemical interaction of acid fracturing fluid system and rock and multi-depth acid frac stimulations concerning that how to achieve in-depth penetration and how to achieve high conductivity fracture for carbonate reservoir formation is very significant to efficient exploration and even to oil industy development. Creativity or characteristic of this research is the integration of basic theory, experimental evalution and field application technoloy research. Ddetailed design involves as follows: first, many advanced laboratory test methods, for example, nucleus magnetic resonance, constant speed mercury penetration, CT, physical property at mantle rock pressure, etc, will be applied to systematacially research microscopic oil storage and fluid flow space and rock mechanical property; Second, engineering simulations can also be used to depth study on flow conductivity of acid etching fracture, etched channel and interaction kinetics machanism of scid and rock; third, multi-depth acid fracturing fluid system will be developed by los of physical simulation tests, and a new method of well or segment selection will be researched by the method of BP net-model, at the same time, during the matching filed application techniques such as mechanical or chemical combined technology, combinition of acid-fracturing and gas lift and the like, will also be developed and formed, consequently, the target to discover and recognize oil & gas formation and sustain even raise oil & gas production of per well can also be achieved and meet the requirement of economical and effective development in compound carbonate reservoir formations.

碳酸盐岩油气藏的高效开发是目前国际上石油工程领域的前沿性研究课题。本研究针对高温、异常高压（低压）、白云岩（灰岩）等典型复杂碳酸盐岩储层如何实现有效深穿透，形成并保持酸蚀裂缝高导流能力，进行储层评价方法、基础理论及多元深度改造方法的研究，对碳酸盐岩油气层高效开发乃至石油工业的发展都具有重要意义。本研究的创新性或特色主要体现在：基础理论、实验评价与工艺研究一体化。既采用核磁共振、恒速压汞、CT及覆压物性等高新实验手段系统研究复杂储层储渗空间微观结构参数和岩石力学性质；又应用工程模拟方法深入研究酸蚀裂缝导流能力影响因素、酸岩反应动力学规律；还通过大量物模试验研制多元高性能深度改造液体系，应用BP网络模型研究选井选层新方法，并考虑在现场研究实施机械或化学组合分压、酸压气举联作等新工艺等，以达到发现油气、认识储层、提高低渗层段动用程度和单井产量的目的，满足复杂碳酸盐岩储层经济有效开发。

本项目主要针对滨里海盆地三个主力油田复杂碳酸盐岩油藏存在的笼统酸压和加砂压裂没有从根本上动用物性差的储层；改造过程中明显的多裂缝特征造成工作液滤失大，有效酸蚀缝长受限；酸压裂残液返排困难，难以形成高导流能力的酸蚀裂缝；底水储层没有有效的岩性隔层，难以有效控制缝高；以及储层射孔井段大，跨度大，产吸液不均匀问题。在酸压裂液体系、酸压裂工艺模拟及酸压裂配套工艺方面进行了系统研究，形成了机械分层、投球分压和化学转向等专项技术。研究成果现场应用后，有效降低了储层损害，提高了油井产能，已经成为三个主力油田实现稳定开发的主体工程技术。.项目主要研究内容和创新点包括： 1）根据三个主力油田复杂碳酸盐岩油藏储层特征和开发状况，提出储层改造的技术难点和需求，找出了酸压改造的潜力和方向；2）研究了稠化酸、降阻酸、闭合酸、乳化酸和清洁转向酸添加剂及配方体系的性能，满足了储层改造和施工工艺要求；3）通过酸蚀裂缝导流能力、酸压溶蚀孔、酸岩反应动力学及支撑剂性能等实验研究酸岩反应机理，指导酸压设计；4）研究了机械分层、投球分压组合分压和化学转向等分层酸压裂工艺，纵向上动用较差或未动用的储层得到有效动用，满足了油田经济有效开发。.本项目研究形成的复杂碳酸盐岩油气藏酸压裂液体系和配套工艺技术，在一定程度上解决了制约碳酸盐岩油气藏开发的若干项关键技术问题，对国内外类似碳酸盐岩油藏开发具有推广和借鉴意义。