混合多视场天文导航关键技术研究

Solution with a structure of multi-FOV (field of view) has been a highlights in research of celestial navigation during recent years. However, most studies focus on three-FOV structure, which has limited exploration of new structure to certain extent. On one hand, limited by low efficiency of small FOV star identification, the FOV size of three-FOV structure could not be decrease greatly. On the other hand, accuracy of horizontal datum measurement is poor under dynamic conditions. For these reasons above, accuracy of celestial navigation on the earth’s surface is much lower than theoretical expectation. This project proposes a new solution of celestial navigation, which is based on a mixed multi-FOV structure of “one (large) + several (small)”. Research on key technologies, including accurate calibration, star identification and optimal navigation, will be carried out in order to break through the bottleneck of FOV size and horizontal datum measurement. Faster, more reliable and more accurate celestial navigation is supposed to be achieved on land and at seas. Furthermore, this project aiming at lay the foundation of extension research for celestial navigation, and provide technique reference of application in fields of military and civilian economic construction and new technology development.

近年来，多视场结构的天文导航系统及已经成为了一个研究热点，但相关研究主要为“三视场”结构，对新结构探索有所不足。受限于小视场星图识别的低效率等问题，三视场结构不能大幅度减小视场来提高探测精度，加之受制于动态水平基准测量精度较低的问题，致使目前的地表天文导航精度远低于理论预期。本课题提出了一种新的“1（大）+多（小）”结构的混合多视场天文导航技术方案，并对精密标定技术、星图识别技术以及最优化天文导航技术等关键技术进行深入研究，突破视场尺寸及水平基准测量精度对地表天文导航精度的瓶颈制约，努力实现能够满足陆海平台快速、可靠、高精度的天文导航。为天文导航的进一步拓展研究奠定基础，也为天文导航技术在军民经济建设和高新科技领域中的更广泛应用提供技术参考。

近年来，多视场结构的天文导航系统及已经成为了一个研究热点，但相关研究主要为“三视场”结构，受限于小视场星图识别的低效率等问题，三视场结构不能大幅度减小视场来提高探测精度，加之受制于动态水平基准测量精度较低的问题，致使目前的地表天文导航精度远低于理论预期。本课题提出了一种新的“1（大）+多（小）”结构的混合多视场天文导航方案，设计了系统工作流程，计算了主要系统参数，并试制了原理样机；建立了混合多视场天文导航系统标定模型，实现系统结构参数精确标定；构建了一套混合多视场天文导航星图处理方法，进行了试验验证和精度分析；研究了倾角传感器与陀螺融合的动态水平基准测算方法，建立了全参数最优化导航模型，并使用遗传算法进行解算；最终的原理样机试验中，可获得静态条件下约150米，为天文导航的进一步拓展研究奠定基础，也为天文导航技术在军民经济建设和高新科技领域中的更广泛应用提供技术参考。