集装箱码头前沿区域的集成调度及碳税对港区碳排放的影响研究

The service level of a port has a significant impact on the port's competitiveness. It is of a crucial interest to a port operator to improve the service level while maintaining the total operating cost at a low level. Since the unload/unloading operations for containers are continuous in nature and all operations at a port terminal are interdependent, this proposed work is aimed at addressing a joint scheduling and allocation problem for container port operations, in which the operations of berths, quay cranes, yard trucks, and yard cranes are considered under an integrated framework in order to improve the port's service level. We formulate the problem as a mathematical optimization model, in which the scheduling and allocation for berth-quay crane-yard truck-yard crane operations are addressed in an integrated manner. The equipment at the container terminal apron emits a large amount of CO2, which is the main source of port CO2 emission. At present, the port mainly takes the measures from a structural energy-saving point of view, such as reforming equipment or takes measures from a technical energy saving point of view, such as developing new energy-saving equipment and new technologies to reduce CO2 emissions. However, all these methods require a very considerable amount of governmental investment and they could hardly induce port operations to save energy and reduce CO2 emissions at their own will. This research will proceed from a management point of view and introduce the mechanism of imposing carbon tax on ports. More specifically, this work aims to study the energy-saving and emission-reduction problem for operations at a container terminal apron and to propose a low-carbon model. This research is innovative and prospective. Results of this research cannot only enrich and improve the existing literature on low-carbon port management, but also provide a new direction for low-carbon port constructions, and furthermore, provide well-grounded decisions for making national carbon tax policies on ports.

港口的服务水平对港口的竞争力有着重要影响。如何在控制港口作业成本的同时提高服务水平，成为港口亟待解决的问题。装卸作业的连续性和作业间的关联性要求必须从集成的角度对泊位、岸桥、集卡和场桥的调度和分配进行考虑以提高服务水平。因此，本课题将首先对此进行研究并构建泊位-岸桥-集卡-场桥的集成调度模型。同时，作业区域内的装卸设备排放大量CO2，是港口总碳排放的主要来源。目前，港口主要是从装卸设备改造等结构性节能角度或者从研发节能新设备和新技术等技术性节能角度来降低碳排放，这些措施都需要国家大量资金投入，没有激发港口节能减排的自主积极性。本课题将从管理性节能角度入手，并引入征收碳税这一市场机制，对码头前沿作业区域的节能减排问题展开研究并构建相应的低碳模型。本研究具有创新性和前瞻性，研究成果既可以丰富和完善低碳港口建设的理论，为低碳港口的建设提供新方向，也可以为国家对港口征收碳税制定政策提供理论依据。

本课题从管理性节能角度入手，并引入征收碳税这一市场机制，对码头前沿作业区域的节能减排问题展开研究并构建相应的低碳模型。截至目前，已发表和接收12篇论文，其中项目申请人以第一作者发表在交通科学研究领域顶尖期刊Tranportation Science和Transportation Research Part B共3篇。研究结果表明，将碳排放税纳入港口运营管理能够有效降低港口岸桥等装卸运输设备的碳排放。同时，在降低相同碳排放的情景下分段税率相比较单一税率而言能够减少港口的总运营成本。本研究具有创新性和前瞻性，研究成果既可以丰富和完善低碳港口建设的理论，为低碳港口的建设提供新方向，也可以为国家对港口征收碳税制定政策提供理论依据。