金属有机骨架材料空气净化除湿机理及其在固体除湿净化空调系统应用研究

Under the background of polluted atmospheric environment, traditional ventilation system which use outdoor air to keep healthy indoor environment maybe not valid anymore. Building ventilation can be pollution sources for indoor environment and is becoming the bottleneck of building energy efficiency..Solid adsorbent can be used as desiccant and air purifier in ventilation and air-conditioning system, and thus be able to improve indoor air quality and decrease building energy consumption. But the high regeneration temperature of solid adsorbent such as silica gel, zeolite and activated carbon has greatly limited its application and promotion. The proposed project raised a new adsorption dehumidification and air purification method based on MIL-101 metal organic framework material to decrease regeneration temperature due to its high adsorption area. The dehumidification and air purification mechanism and performance of the MIL-101 material would be studied to probe the basic science and technology of its application. The research is thus to provide new material scientific basis for solid desiccant air conditioning system..The adsorption equipment based on MIL-101 would be researched as well, and the heat and mass transfer theoretical model among the equipment, process air and regeneration air would be established. The cooperative operation mechanism and law of the adsorption equipment combined with heat pump would be studied to develop a new solid desiccant air-conditioning system which is used to further improve indoor air quality and building energy efficiency.

在室外大气污染日益严重的背景下，传统的建筑通风理论和方法对于构建健康的室内环境不再适用，建筑通风某种程度上成为室内污染物来源且成为制约建筑节能的瓶颈。.固体吸附可实现除湿和空气净化双重作用，应用于通风空调系统可改善室内空气品质并降低建筑能耗，但常规吸附材料（硅胶、沸石、活性炭）的高再生温度带来的应用局限性限制了其推广。针对这一问题，本项目提出基于新型MIL-101金属有机骨架材料的吸附除湿净化理论和方法，利用其高吸附面积降低再生温度，研究其吸附除湿和空气净化机理和性能，探究其应用基础科学问题，为新型固体除湿净化空调研究提供材料科学基础。.同时研究基于MIL-101金属有机骨架材料的吸附装置，建立其与处理/再生空气的传热传质数学模型。分析该吸附装置与热泵组成除湿净化空调系统的协同运行机理和规律，建立一种全新的通风空调系统方式。在当前大气污染、建筑能耗高的背景下提升室内空气品质、降低建筑能耗。

湿度是影响室内人员热舒适的重要因素，湿度控制成为室内环境领域的研究热点之一。传统的空调系统采用表冷器实现冷凝除湿，在这一过程中，热湿联合处理增加了空调系统除湿降温负荷、降低了制冷系统能效比且存在霉菌滋生风险。固体吸附式空调系统因为其无露点除湿特征，在提升室内空气品质和优化空调系统能效上表现出一定潜力，但也存在着系统复杂、再生温度高的问题。固体吸附材料的吸附性能是影响固体吸附式空调系统能效的决定性因素，优化固体吸附式除湿空调系统的关键是找到性能更优的吸附剂。本课题通过文献调研和系统分析，得出固体吸附剂的吸附量（吸脱附等温线）、吸附速率、低温脱附率三大指标是影响固体吸附式空调系统能效的关键因素。为提升固体吸附式空调系统能效，课题对新型吸附剂金属有机骨架的水蒸气吸附性能进行了实验探索，并与传统的固体吸附除湿材料包括硅胶、分子筛、活性炭等进行了对比分析。实验首先在氮气为载气和空气为载气两种环境条件下，对金属有机骨架材料和传统固体吸附材料的吸脱附等温线（25℃、27.5℃、33.5℃）进行了测试，结果发现金属有机骨架材料尤其是MIL-101(Cr)在吸附量上明显优于传统除湿材料，其水蒸气吸附量25℃-33.5℃的空气环境下达到了1206-1392mg/g，是传统吸附剂水蒸气吸附量的4-6倍。金属有机骨架材料MIL-100(Fe)其水蒸气吸附量低于MIL-101(Cr)，在25℃的空气环境下饱和吸附量达到500-600 mg/g，仍然明显高于传统吸附剂。而后对金属有机骨架材料的吸附速率和低温脱附率进行了实验测试。得益于其对水蒸气的高吸附量，MIL-101(Cr)的水蒸气吸附速率明显高于其它材料，且其可在45℃下实现90%以上的脱附率，表现出优秀的低温脱附性能。上述研究成果为固体吸附式除湿空调系统的吸附材料选择提供了一种可能，为除湿设备以及固体除湿净化空调系统研发提供了数据参考和支持。