防洪拦、蓄、滞工程群水文效应的分布式模拟研究

Natural water cycle is interfered continuously by human activities on both level and extension these decades, the simulation of unnatural hydrological process and character of water balance changed by flood control works are challenging the current distributed hydrological model. Up region of Bantai Gate is employed as typical region and mainly works focuses on two problems: ①Investigation of numerical simulating tenichques about hydrological effect from reservoir, retention area and barrage at high spatial resolution, and ② coupling of modules base on techniques above with large-scale distributed hydrological model. Five vital tenichques: ① water flow simulation on water field of big area and main waterway network based on 2-D hydraulic method; ② gate openning and closing simulation based on flux restricting on calculting note; ③automatic gate oprating simulation based on signal triggered by value of flux or water level on calculating node; ④ Nesting of several piece of high resolution terrain into course one during hydrological simulation; and ⑤ make full use of strong points of different models and set up cooperation between them by coupling methods, are planned to be solved by methods such as field investigation, contrapuntal observation, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, sensibility analysis and comparative analysis. Schedule above will serve us ① three mudules simulating indivudual hydrological effect from reservoir, detention basin and barrage; and ② one system simulation overall hydrological effect from them. These results are precious reference for scientists in this domain, and are helpful to river basin management, quantitative analysis of influence from human activities.

人类活动对自然水循环干扰的深度和广度不断增加，如何有效地模拟大量防洪工程对水循环的影响是分布式水文模型亟待加强的环节。拟以淮河流域班台闸上游地区为例，围绕拦河水闸、水库和滞洪区水文效应的高分辨率数值模拟方法、及其与大尺度分布式水文模型耦合的问题展开研究。通过现场勘查和加密观测、理论分析和数值模拟、敏感性分析与对比分析等手段，研究：①基于二维水动力学方法模拟大面积水域和主干河网水流的技术；②通过节点的流量控制模拟闸门启闭的技术；③通过节点的流量或水位为触发因素实现闸门按调度规则自动运行的技术；④通过地形空间嵌套实现大尺度水文模拟过程中局部地形加密的技术；和⑤挖掘不同种类模型各自的优点、通过空间耦合协同计算的技术。预期得到：①分别模拟拦河闸、水库和滞洪区水文效应的三种子模型；和②模拟研究区拦蓄滞工程群水文效应的耦合系统。成果对流域水资源管理、人类活动影响的定量分析等具有十分重的意义。

大量防洪工程对水循环影响的数值模拟是分布式水文模型的重要挑战。研究了：①基于二维水动力学方法模拟大面积水域和主干河网水流的技术；②通过节点的流量控制模拟闸门启闭的技术；③通过节点的流量或水位为触发因素实现闸门按调度规则自动运行的技术；④通过地形空间嵌套实现大尺度水文模拟过程中局部地形加密的技术；和⑤挖掘不同种类模型各自的优点、通过空间耦合协同计算的技术。得到了：分别模拟拦河闸、水库和滞洪区水文效应的三种子模型；和②模拟研究区拦蓄滞工程群水文效应的耦合系统成果对流域水资源管理、人类活动影响的定量分析等具有十分重的意义