基于表面微纳米多尺度结构的轮胎模具抗粘附改性层的制备与性能研究

The tire quality and the mould service life are reduced due to the rubber adhesion during the service of the tire mould, while the frequent disassembly and cleaning seriously affect the production efficiency of tire and increase the production cost. In view of this, a model of anti-adhesion modified layer of tire mould with dual function of micro/nano multi-scale structure and low surface energy modified layer is proposed in this project. The micro/nano multi-scale structure obtained by anodic oxidation is expected to reduce the effective contact area for fouling on the surface of tire mould and low surface energy modified layer with wear and corrosion resistance is electroplated on the micro/nano multi-scale structure in order to weaken the surface adsorption of fouling and corrosion, obtaining a high performance anti-adhesion modified layer. The formation rule and fractal control method of micro/nano multi-scale structure under anodic oxidation condition will be studied. The low surface energy modified layer suitable for vulcanization conditions will be optimized and prepared. The rule of adsorption behaviors as well as the anti-adhesion mechanism of the as-prepared composite modified layer will be mainly studied to establish the relationship between the process parameters of anodic oxidation, microstructure characteristics and anti-adhesion performance. The corrosion resistance performance and the sliding wear property of this composite modified layer during vulcanization will be investigated, providing theoretical basis and key techniques for the manufacture of high-quality tire mould with excellent anti-adhesion performance.

本项目针对轮胎模具服役过程中因胶料粘附导致轮胎品质及模具使用寿命降低，而频繁拆卸清洗严重影响轮胎的生产效率、增加生产成本的问题，提出一种基于表面微纳米多尺度结构与低表面能修饰层双重作用的轮胎模具抗粘附改性层模型。通过阳极氧化反应在轮胎模具表面构建微纳米多尺度结构，以减少胶料与模具的有效接触面积。利用电沉积技术在微纳米多尺度结构表面仿形沉积抗磨耐蚀的低表面能修饰层，以阻断胶料与模具表面的吸附与腐蚀，形成高性能抗粘附改性层。研究阳极氧化条件下表面微纳米多尺度结构的形成规律与分形调控方法。优选并制备出适合硫化工况的低表面能修饰层，重点研究微纳米多尺度结构覆盖低表面能修饰层的复合改性层粘附行为规律、阐释其抗粘附机理，建立阳极氧化工艺参数-微观组织结构特征-抗粘附性能之间的关系模型。研究复合改性层的抗腐蚀性能和硫化环境下的滑动磨损特征，为高效制造高性能抗粘附轮胎模具提供理论依据与关键技术途径。

本项目针对轮胎模具服役过程中因胶料粘附导致轮胎品质及模具使用寿命降低，而频繁拆卸清洗严重影响轮胎的生产效率、增加生产成本的问题，采用阳极氧化与超声搅拌辅助脉冲电沉积技术经济高效地制备出低表面能的减摩抗磨、耐蚀和抗粘附改性层。项目重点研究：（1）阳极氧化条件下表面微纳米多尺度结构的分形规律与调控方法；（2）低表面能修饰改性层的优选制备与粘附行为；（3）改性层的耐腐蚀和抗磨损性能及抗橡胶粘附应用试验。结果表明，通过调节电流密度、时间和草酸浓度等阳极氧化工艺参数可实现对表面孔径大小、数量和微纳米多尺度结构形貌的调控；选用低表面能十四酸、全氟聚醚、二硫化钼、石墨烯、二硫化钨修饰制备的改性层表现出不同的自清洁抗粘附行为。低表面能自润滑二维纳米材料良好稳定的分散性和均匀分布，填充并减少裂缝、微孔等改性层形成的缺陷。摩擦过程中形成润滑膜，减少摩擦副的接触，降低摩擦系数和磨损率。腐蚀过程中扭曲腐蚀通道，阻碍腐蚀介质的渗入，提高耐蚀性能。微纳米多尺度结构与低表面能修饰物的协同作用赋予改性层优异的抗橡胶粘附性能。项目研究结果揭示了阳极氧化条件对微纳米多尺度结构的形成和调控机制、阐明了改性层的减摩抗磨、耐蚀和抗粘附机理，建立了改性层制备工艺-组织结构-性能之间的关系模型，为高效制造高性能抗粘附轮胎模具提供理论依据与关键技术途径。