含人字齿的高速重载齿轮分扭传动动力学建模及稳定性研究

Split-torque transmission as a key component is widely used in centrifugal compressor, helicopter main transmission and ship high power transmission. It has small volume, light weight, high reduction ratio and high efficiency. However, the stability of split-torque transmission under high speed and high load conditions is key and intractable problem in engineering practice. In order to understand the mechanism of split-torque transmission, and to improve the reliability, it's necessary to study the dynamic characteristics of split-torque transmission under high load and high speed conditions. The main motivation of the project is to build a nonlinear dynamic analysis model of one kind of split-torque transmission with herringbone gear, to study the dynamic stability of it by considering lubrication (friction) damping characteristic parameters and time varying mesh stiffness. Based on the nonlinear theory, the research attempts to explore the relationships between the stability and design parameters and load conditions.

分扭传动具有体积小、重量轻、速比大、效率高等优点，随着工作转速、传递载荷的增加，分扭传动的非线性动力学特征与设计参数、工作参数之间关系的基础科学问题研究尚没解决，有待深入研究。本项目以含人字齿的分扭传动为对象，研究润滑(摩擦)阻尼特征、人字齿啮合刚度特征等多种非线性因素的分扭传动动力学建模与稳定性问题。基于有限元方法与动力学理论研究人字齿啮合模型的构建，研究分扭传动多自由度非线性动力学建模与稳定性问题，研究系统多性态参数(如安装误差、热变形、修形参数等)与分扭传动系统的分岔、混沌特性、幅频响应特性和参数稳定性之间的定量、定性关系，通过理论分析、实验研究、数值仿真等方法得到齿轮分扭传动系统设计参数、工作参数与系统稳定性之间的规律。项目实施对齿轮传动动力学的发展和完善、对分扭传动设计具有重大的理论意义和工程实用价值。

基于转子动力学、齿轮动力学等理论，将高速齿轮转子、齿轮啮合副、旋转轴系和支撑轴承等部件作为研究对象，建立了考虑时变啮合刚度、传递误差激励、齿侧间隙等非线性激励下的分扭传动系统的有限元节点模型；根据啮合原理，构建了含修形齿轮的三维模型方法并开发了相应的软件；根据有限单元方法得到了人字齿轮的接触力及时变啮合刚度等参数；得到了所选定的分扭参数下2种可能安装内角，并对比分析了内角多动态性能的影响；研究齿轮错配角、安装误差、时变啮合刚度等对齿轮动态性能的影响。研究发现累积节距误差时轴频激励，但是对高频振动有非常重要的影响。低频激励可以引起齿轮出现脱啮加剧齿轮的振动。最后测量得到了齿轮的动态传递误差、振动噪音及动应力验证了本文提出的方法的有效性。