未来智能电网情境下面向虚拟电厂逐利行为的信息融合管理

The future smart grid is the intelligentization of the conventional power grid, involving the thorough coupling of the electric energy and the information. The information technology injects the intelligence into the generation, consumption, and energy storage (GCS) devices, so that they are capable of the real time decision and action. In order to compensate the uncertainties or uncontrollability of the single GCS device, the virtual power plant (VPP) is proposed by integrating a number of homo/heterogeneous GCS devices. On one hand, the VPP dispatches its own GCS devices; and on the other hand, the VPP receives and responds to the price as a unified entity. Thus VPP is the GCS unified grid terminal which exhibits the profit-chasing behavior. Considering trends of the electricity market towards real time interaction and distributed intelligence based, the management correspondingly changes. This program formulates the problem of electricity market management into the framework of closed-loop feedback. 1) The optimal dispatch model of GCS devices is obtained to present the profit-chasing behavior of VPP, 2) The simulation model is established to address the complex dynamic behavior of the power grid. 3) The optimal management model of electricity market is derived to resolve the combined strategy of price-based motivation and rule-based regulation. The information fusion algorithm is developed for tackling the problems of optimal dispatch and optimal pricing. The parallel acceleration and the implementation of high-performance computing platforms are investigated to conquer the heavy computation difficulties due to large-scale power grid. Innovative results are expected on the aspects of mathematical formulation, numerical simulation and computational solution of the future smart grid.

未来智能电网是现有电网的智能化升级，是电能与信息的深度耦合。信息技术赋予发电、用电、储能设备进行实时决策与行动的智能。为克服单个设备行为的不确定或不可控性，将一定数量的同质/异质设备聚集整合，构成虚拟电厂(VPP)。VPP对内调度所属发/用/储设备，对外作为统一主体接受并响应电价，是具有逐利行为的发/用/储一体化终端。电力市场向着实时化和基于分布式智能的方向发展，要求其管理模式的根本性转变。本项目将电力市场管理问题纳入闭环反馈控制的研究框架，1)建立设备调度的最优化模型，描述VPP个体逐利行为；2)建立仿真模型，分析电网系统复杂动态行为；3)建立市场管理的最优化模型，设计电价诱导与规则约束相结合的电力市场管理模式。开发信息融合算法，分别求解最优调度策略、最优电价策略，并研究其并行加速和高性能计算平台运行，解决大规模电网的求解难题。力图在未来智能电网的建模、仿真和求解上取得具有开拓性的成果。

未来智能电网是基于现有电网的智能化升级，是电力网与信息网的深度耦合。未来智能电网的大量终端设备，将兼具发电、用电、储能的多样化行为能力；信息技术进一步赋予发/用/储一体化终端进行实时决策与行动的自主智能。为克服单个设备行为的不确定或不可控性，将一定数量的同质/异质设备聚集整合，构成虚拟电厂(VPP)。VPP对内调度所属发/用/储设备，对外作为统一主体接受并响应电价，参与电力市场交易并追求获利最大化。电力市场向着实时化和基于分布式智能的方向发展，要求其管理模式的根本性转变。本项目将电力市场管理问题纳入闭环反馈控制的研究框架，研究工作涉及从VPP个体逐利行为的建模与分析，面向VPP逐利行为的电价引导管理、电动汽车充放电行为分析及管控策略优化、分布式电源选址定容与孤岛划分方案、智能电网的超网络建模及大数据应用、智能型终端设备研发测试等6个方面。取得的主要成果包括：1) 建立各类典型发/用/储设备的运行特性模型，进而建立集聚不同发/用/储设备的VPP模型，描述其逐利行为，运用启发式算法求取最优调度策略和并网规则；2) 基于VPP模型，结合电网结构模型，通过数值仿真，定量分析VPP个体逐利行为驱动下涌现出的电网系统整体复杂动态行为；3) 综合技术性、经济性、可靠性要求，导出电网系统及电力市场优化运行的目标函数和约束条件，运用信息融合算法求取最优定价策略。项目研究成果已用于上海市电力公司企业决策参考、同济大学校园微电网示范平台设计，并将应用于贵阳红枫-清镇示范园、上海中心大厦的多能源综合节能调度。