西部乡村建筑的演变机制与更新模式研究

In the context of rapid urbanization, some phenomenon is existing in China's western rural areas, such as the space dissatisfied the functional requirements, the poor quality of construction, the lack of geographical style, the poor environments from the indoor to the outdoor, the large consumption of resources and energy. To look for the reasons, although the theory and technology of rural building construction have been mastered, the research of the basic building properties in the view of the human demand is lacked, also is the research of the systematic integration of the relationship among the basic building properties in the view of architectural design. Therefore, the core issue in the rural regional building renewal and development process is not fundamentally grasped. With the acceleration of urbanization, to construct a large number of the rural building is an inevitable trend. . In order to solve the above problems, the evolved mechanism and update mode study of the rural regional building are proposed in this project. The following is included in the study of this mode: to find and grasp the essential rules of rural building; to study rural regional building’s common features and the human demand on building in the condition of regional constraints by the method of social survey, theoretical research, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, architectural creation and simulation analysis; to explore the inherent logical relationship among the basic properties of the regional building; to establish an update and developing mode. The establishment of this mode is very important practical significance to reveal the evolving, updating and developing discipline of rural regional building, and to supply the ideas for rural modernization in China’s Western.

城镇化背景下，西部乡村建筑存在：不能满足功能需求、建造质量低劣、地域风貌缺失、室内外环境差、资源和能源利用率低等现象。随着城镇化的加速，大量建设的乡村建筑必然加剧上述趋势。虽然学界已经掌握了乡村建筑建设的相应理论与技术，但尚缺乏从人对建筑需求的角度，对建筑基本属性的研究；缺乏从建筑设计角度，系统整合建筑基本属性间关系的研究。因此，没有掌握乡村建筑演变与更新过程中的核心问题。. 为解决人的需求与建筑空间、建造质量、地域特征、环境舒适度以及能源资源利用的差距问题，提出乡村建筑演变机制与更新模式研究，寻找并把握地区建筑的本质规律。拟通过社会调查、理论研究、定性与定量分析、建筑测绘、模拟分析等方法开展地区约束条件下地区建筑共性特征与人对建筑共性需求的研究，开展乡村建筑基本属性间内在逻辑关系的研究，揭示其演变、更新与发展规律，建立建筑更新发展模式，为西部乡村现代化建设提供理论与方法支持。

城镇化背景下，西部乡村建筑存在：不能满足功能需求、建造质量低劣、地域风貌缺失、室内外环境差、资源和能源利用率低等现象。为解决人的需求与建筑空间、建造质量、地域特征、环境舒适度以及能源资源利用的差距问题，本项目深入开展了客观测试与调查、主观访问、理论研究、工程实践、人才培养和国内外合作交流等工作。具体研究进展与成果如下：①掌握了影响乡村建筑演变与发展的关键因子。针对西部乡村现存问题与缺陷，归纳出乡村建筑基本属性，即结构安全性、功能便利性、环境舒适性、经济有效性、形式美观性以及节约生态性。②洞悉了乡村建筑基本属性内在逻辑关系。运用系统科学的整体性原理、目的性原理、结构功能相关律、优化演化律等理论，研究了乡村地域建筑基本属性间的优化关系；借助马斯洛“人的需求”层级原理，研究了建筑满足人需求的层级关系，明确了乡村建筑的演变发展轨迹。③提出了适宜于西部乡村建筑的更新策略。在符合社会发展规律的基础上，从人对建筑需求的角度，针对影响建筑发展的关键因子，提出了适宜于西部乡村地区的更新策略。④构建了适宜于西部乡村绿色发展的更新模式。在具备乡村建筑基本属性及其更新策略的基础上，整合属性间的复杂关系。遵从人的客观发展规律，结合人的需求层级，建立人对建筑的需求层级，构建了适宜于西部乡村绿色发展的“安全→实用→经济→舒适→美观→生态”的更新模式。. 上述研究成果在实际工程、设计教学与技术支撑方面开展了应用推广，结果显示，西部乡村建筑更新模式为全面、整体、系统地提升乡村地域建筑质量、为乡村建筑现代化建设提供重要的理论和方法支持，充实与完善了地域建筑理论。