非均匀混合驱动气体对内爆发射器加速特性影响机理研究

The implosion-driven launcher is a light-gas gun in which the driver gas is explosively compressed by a device known as the linear explosive driver. As a single shot device, the implosion-driven launcher is allowed to hold high gas temperatures and driver gas pressures well above the strength of the launcher material. Therefore, the driver gas can reach a much higher speed of sound and accelerate the projectile much faster. However, the implosion-driven launcher charged with a single kind of homogeneous light gas would shock projectiles formidably, which requires projectiles strong enough to stand the high acceleration and shock vibration. This project proposes to optimize the pressure behind projectiles by substituting the homogeneous driven gas with inhomogeneous mixed gases. Inhomogeneous mixed gases composed of high molecular weight gas and light gas have particular kinds of gradient distribution to adjust shock waves in the pump tube. Interior ballistics of the implosion-driven launcher charged with inhomogeneous driven gas will be analyzed by theoretical modeling, numerical simulation and experimental methods. The relationship between projectile’s acceleration and the distribution of pressure, density and molecular weight of inhomogeneous driven gas will be built to reveal acceleration mechanism of implosion-driven launchers charged with inhomogeneous mixed driven gases. The achievements of this study are expected to enhance the performance of current hypervelocity launch techniques.

内爆发射器是一种通过炸药爆炸线性挤压压缩管内的轻质气体，利用受压缩的工作气体驱动弹丸的一种气体炮。相对于二级轻气炮，内爆发射器是一次性使用的装置，可以承受比发射器材料强度更高压力和温度，从而有效提高驱动气体声速、提升弹丸发射速度。但压缩管中填充单一均质气体的内爆发射器对弹丸冲击压力大，对弹丸的抗过载和抗冲击能力提出了很高的要求。本项目提出以非均匀混合气体取代均质轻气的填充，采用高分子量气体与轻质气体混合成具有一定梯度分布的气体作为驱动气体，调整内爆发射器内冲击波的传播，优化弹底压力。项目拟通过理论建模、数值计算和试验验证相结合的方法，分析非均匀气体填充下内爆发射器的内弹道作用过程，建立弹丸加速运动与混合气体压力、密度以及平均分子量分布特性的关联特性，揭示非均匀混合气体对内爆发射器加速特性影响的机理，为提升现有超高速发射技术的发射能力提供技术支撑。

本报告总结了青年基金项目“非均匀混合驱动气体对内爆发射器加速特性影响机理研究”的研究工作，主要包括双气体简化理论模型求解、非均匀气体内弹道及其结构耦合响应规律研究和非均匀气体填充技术与发射性能验证试验，完成了所有批复内容。.本项目提出了采用非均匀混合气体取代单一均质气体驱动的方法，通过理论分析、数值计算和试验验证，解决了非均匀流场在锥段的流动过程及其与弹丸的相互作用规律、非均匀气体动态填充方法及装药精确起爆控制等关键科学问题，分析了非均匀气体流动与结构耦合响应规律，获得了能够有效提升内爆发射器性能的装填参数状态，实现了10km/s-10.8km/s完整柱形弹丸的发射，解决了单一气体驱动中弹丸变形严重的问题，初步实现了内爆发射技术的实用化。