寒区高速铁路隧道温度场时空演化规律及防冻技术研究

With the rise of "The Belt and Road" strategy, there are more and more tunnels in cold region. There is no clear criteria for the classification of tunnel in cold region, lacking of in-depth understanding of the laws of the temperature field of tunnel in cold region, and more lacking of the study about the effect of the train wind on freezing injury of tunnel in cold region. The cold-proof design mainly rely on the experience, which leads to more freezing injury problem of tunnel. .This study intends to develop the temperature field model test platform under the influence of train wind, study the evolution rule in time and space of temperature field (air temperature field and surrounding rock) for the high-speed railway tunnel in cold region, and discuss the passive and active anti-freezing technology of high speed railway tunnel structure. .The result will make clear criteria for the classification of tunnel in cold region, put forward reasonable evaluation system of freezing injury of tunnel in cold region, reveal the evolution rule in time and space of temperature field (air temperature field and surrounding rock) for the high-speed railway tunnel in cold region, and form the passive and active anti-freezing technology of high speed railway tunnel structure, which lay the theoretical foundation for the prevention of freezing injury in the high-speed railway tunnel planning, design, operation and maintenance process.

随着“一带一路”战略的兴起，寒区高速铁路隧道数量越来越多。目前没有形成明确的隧道寒区划分标准，缺乏寒区隧道洞内温度场规律的深入认识，更缺乏高速列车风对寒区隧道冻害影响规律研究，防寒设计多以经验为主，出现的隧道冻害问题较多。.本研究拟就列车风影响下的洞内温度场模型试验台研发，高速铁路寒区隧道洞内温度场（空气温度场和围岩）时空演化规律和高速铁路隧道结构被动与主动防寒技术等方面的科学问题开展研究。.其成果将明确隧道寒区划分标准，提出合理的寒区隧道冻害评价技术体系；揭示高速铁路寒区隧道洞内温度场（空气温度场和围岩）时空演化规律；形成高速铁路隧道结构被动与主动防寒技术。为寒区高速铁路隧道规划、设计、运营及维护过程中的冻害防治奠定理论基础。

随着交通运输网的日益完善，铁路、公路建设正逐渐向高海拔和高纬度的寒区扩展延伸。目前防寒设计多以经验为主，没有形成明确的隧道寒区划分标准，没有准确把握寒区隧道洞内温度场规律，更未掌握高速列车风对寒区隧道温度场的影响。为此，开展寒区高速铁路隧道温度场理论与保温技术研究，通过寒区隧道冻害调查、现场实测、理论分析和室内模型试验等综合手段，取得了如下研究成果：.（1）调研分析了156座寒区隧道冻害资料，将隧道寒区划分为高纬度地区和高海拔地区，并以最冷月平均气温和冻结深度作为寒区隧道亚区的划分依据，对寒区进一步划分5个亚区。.（2）研发了寒区高速铁路隧道温度场模型试验系统，可以分析不同工况下寒区隧道温度场的变化规律。.（3）采用FLUENT有限元软件，计算分析了不同条件下寒区隧道温度场的变化规律。.（4）采用叠加原理、分离变量法和贝塞尔特征函数建立了列车风影响下寒区隧道温度场的计算模型。.（5）为了研究寒区隧道衬砌背后积水位置不同时结构的受力变化规律和破坏形式，开展了寒区隧道衬砌结构冻胀力的室内模型试验。.（6）依据冻害调研资料，以温度条件、水文条件、围岩条件和工程措施这4个最基本的影响因素为准则层，采用模糊综合评判法建立二级模糊综合评判模型，并采用层次分析法对各因素的权重进行分析，建立了寒区隧道冻害评价技术体系。.（7）依据流函数叠加与热平衡原理推导控制方程，提出了一种新型的空气幕保温措施；采用叠加原理及贝塞尔特征函数推导出在空气幕作用下，寒区隧道洞口断面处围岩的径向温度解析解，最后以正盘台隧道为算例，验证了该保温措施的可行性。.（8）通过相似理论建立空气幕保温措施的模型试验台，分析了不同工况下该措施的保温效果。