Tibetans, the indigenous population living in the Tibetan plateau region , is an ideal population for studying genetic adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in humans. Our previous genome-wide analyses in Tibetans indicated that several candidate genes might be involved in hypoxic adaptation. Among the candidate genes, an enzyme gene, HMOX2, has important effects on the high altitude adaptation among Tibetans. This project aims to dissect the sequence variations and their functions of the HMOX2 gene. We intend to reveal the strength and timing of natural selection acting on HMOX2 gene in Tibetans. Combining the approaches of gene expression profiling in placenta tissue (an important oxygen-exchange organ), induced hypoxia experiment using endothelial cells and enzyme kinetics analysis, we sought to understand how Tibetans have improved their physiological functions through the HMOX2 gene and developed the ability for high-altitude hypoxic adaptation. The results of this project will shed light on the molecular mechanism of adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia through HMOX2 in humans, and will provide valuable genetic data for drug design in order to prevent and cure the high-altitude related diseases, which is crucial not only for basic research, but also for future medical applications.
世代生活在青藏高原低氧环境中的藏族人群是研究人类对高原低氧适应机制的理想人类群体。在前期的全基因组研究中,我们发现了藏族人群基因组中存在多个参与低氧适应的候选基因。 其中,一个重要酶的编码基因-血红素加氧酶-2基因(HMOX2),有明显的正选择信号,该基因可能对机体的低氧代谢有重要而广泛的影响。为全面了解HMOX2基因的分子进化模式及其在藏族高原低氧适应中的作用,本研究拟通过对HMOX2基因在藏族人群中的序列多态性和功能的研究,并结合大样本的人群遗传相关性分析,重要组织(例如胎盘)表达谱分析和脐带内皮细胞人工低氧诱导以及酶动力学实验等方法,解析HMOX2基因在藏族人群中受自然选择的强度和时间,阐明其适应性突变对藏族人群低氧适应的功能效应及生理机能的影响。研究结果将为我们进一步了解人类对高原低氧适应的分子机制以及高原病的发病机理提供重要的遗传学数据。
本研究利用进化分子生物学与群体遗传学的手段研究藏族人群中特定基因HMOX2的高原低氧适应性选择及其功能后果,初步证明了(1)HMOX2基因在藏族群体中的选择强度与进化历史。(2)发现了HMO2基因在藏族群体中优势突变的地理分布及其与血红蛋白浓度的相关性。(3)利用分子生物学和遗传学的手段鉴定了藏族优势突变的功能后果。上述结果证明了HOMX2基因是一个在藏族群体中受到正选择的基因,并且该基因的作用通路不同于之前发现的HIF 通路,是通过加快血红蛋白代谢从而降低藏族高原低氧诱导下增多的血红蛋白浓度, 进一步证实了藏族的高原适应是发生在多基因共同协作层面的这一人类进化生物学问题。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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