纳米多孔镍钼钴合金电极材料的制备及电催化析氢机理研究

Water electrolysis is an important technique for hydrogen production. However, the electrode materials in water electrolysis have the disadvantages of high cost, small specific surface, low electrocatalytic activity and so on. This project is aim at the preparation of nanoporous Ni-Mo-Co alloy electrode material by using the method of template electrodeposition. With this purpose, we propose the fabrication of the nanoporous Ni-Mo-Co alloy electrode with high porosity, high surface area, high electrocatalytic activity, good corrosion resistance and low cost by using polystyrene nanoparticles as the template, and polystyrene nanoparticles are removed by volatile organic solvent with ultrasonic after electrodepositing Ni-Co alloy on the copper foil, which avoid high temperature firing process to remove the template, and then the size of nanoporous electrode is easy to be controlled. The dynamics and thermodynamic parameters of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution on the nanoporous electrode are obtained by electrochemistry technology, and the dynamic process and reaction mechanism of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution on the nanoporous electrode are revealed. The achievement will provide theoretic and technical support for water electrolysis with low energy, promote the development of the water electrolysis technique for hydrogen production.

水电解制氢是实现工业化廉价制备氢气的重要手段。目前用于电解水的电极材料存在价格昂贵、比表面不大、电催化活性不高等缺点，导致能耗过大，严重制约了电解水法制氢技术的发展，针对这一问题，本项目提出聚合物微球模板电沉积法制备纳米多孔镍钼钴合金电极材料，即以纳米聚苯乙烯微球为模板，在铜基上直接电沉积镍钼钴合金，再通过可挥发的有机溶剂抽提微球，最终获得孔隙率高、比表面积大、电催化活性强、耐腐蚀性能好以及成本较低的纳米多孔镍钼钴合金电极材料，创新地提出制备纳米多孔合金电极材料的新思路，避免了传统高温煅烧除模板过程，而且孔径大小可控。通过结合多种电化学研究技术，获取多孔合金电极电催化析氢的动力学和热力学参数，揭示多孔合金电极电催化析氢的相关动力学过程以及反应机理。该项目的研究成果有望解决电解水制氢能耗过大问题，为实现低能耗电解水制氢提供理论指导和技术支持。

氢能是一种可再生的清洁能源，具有资源丰富、易储存等许多突出的优点。随着化石燃料的枯竭及环境问题的日益严重，氢能越来越受到人们的重视。电解水是大规模制氢的重要途径，为了降低阴极过电位以节约能耗，研究低析氢过电位、高催化活性的阴极材料具有重要的意义。本项目通过探讨工艺参数对电沉积Ni-Mo-Co合金的成分和表面形貌的影响，成功制备出Ni的质量分数为35.10%，Mo的质量分数为50.15%，Co的质量分数为14.75%的光亮Ni-Mo-Co合金镀层。分别以纳米二氧化硅微球和纳米聚苯乙烯微球为模板，采用无机模板移除电沉积法和有机模板移除电沉积法制备了多孔Ni-Mo-Co合金电极，结果表明：采用无机模板移除电沉积法和有机模板移除电沉积法制备多孔Ni-Mo-Co合金电极，该研究思路和方法可行，但作为析氢电极用于工业电解水制氢，该电极还需进一步的完善。