齿轮传动滑移、滚动与固结界面耦合系统的振动响应机制与传递机理研究

In the fault diagnosis of critical transmission components in mechanical transmission system, the vibration signals collected on the outer casing is the complex strongly coupling signal between the inner fault source and the transmission interfaces. The accurate and reliable prediction for the operation condition of inner gear directly depends on the influencing mechanism of transmission interfaces on the system vibration characteristics. In this project, taking the gear meshing slipping interface, rolling element rolling interface and casing bolted joint interface as the objects, the interface contact properties and vibration mechanisms, evolution of vibration characteristics and vibration transmission rule are studied. The main research content includes: (1) the evolution characteristics of the solid-liquid coupling asymmetric nonlinear contact stiffness for gear meshing macroslip process and the dynamic modeling method will be studied, to reveal the influencing mechanism of gear meshing macroslip process on the gear vibration characteristics; (2) methods to determine the dynamic parameters of casing bolted joint interface under different slipping states and the dynamic modeling method will be studied, to reveal the influencing mechanism of casing bolted joint microslip process on interface vibration characteristics; (3) the dynamic vibration transmission model for the slipping-rolling-jointed coupled interfaces system will be established and the vibration transmission characteristics will be studied, to reveal the vibration transmission mechanism between the inner impulse excitation source and outer casing collecting point. The expected results obtained from this project can provide some new methods and theoretical bases for the extraction and identification of gear vibration characteristics during gear meshing process of transmission system.

关键传动件故障监测系统在外部箱体上所测信号是内部故障特征信号与传递界面混合作用后的复杂强耦合信号。传递界面对系统振动特征影响机制的认识程度直接影响内部齿轮运行状态判定的准确性和可靠性。项目以传动系统的轮齿啮合滑移界面、轴承滚动界面和箱体螺栓固结界面为研究对象，对界面接触振动特性、振动特征演变及传递机理进行研究。具体内容包括：（1）研究轮齿啮合界面宏观相对滑移过程液固耦合非对称非线性刚度演化特性和动力学建模方法，解决轮齿啮合宏观相对滑移界面对齿轮振动特征的影响机制问题；（2）研究箱体螺栓固结界面不同滑移状态动力参量算法和动力学建模方法，解决螺栓固结界面微滑移过程对界面振动信号的影响机制问题；（3）研究滑移-滚动-固结界面耦合系统振动特征传递规律，揭示齿轮内部冲击激励振动与外部箱体监测点之间的振动传递机理。本项目的研究旨在为传动系统轮齿啮合过程齿轮振动特征的提取与识别提供新的方法和理论支撑。

关键传动件故障监测系统在外部箱体上所测信号是内部故障特征信号与传递界面混合作用后的复杂强耦合信号。针对齿轮传动系统振动传递路径上的多界面对系统振动响应的影响规律与传递机理问题，本项目围绕以下五个方面的主要研究内容进行了深入和系统研究：（1）轮齿啮合界面宏观相对滑移过程的软硬非对称非线性弹簧特性与动力学响应特征演化规律；（2）轮齿啮合过程油膜润滑界面液固耦合动力学建模与振动特征演变特性；（3）箱体螺栓固结界面不同滑移过程动力学建模与振动特征演变规律；（4）滑移-滚动-固结界面耦合系统振动传递动力学建模与振动特征传递机理；（5）多界面传动系统振动特征传递路径函数建模与内部振动特征分离方法。.通过本项目的研究工作，揭示了轮齿啮合界面的接触几何参数、界面属性特征参数和运行工况参数与界面液固耦合时变啮合刚度之间的映射关系，发现了啮合界面表面形貌与弹流动压润滑诱发的振动响应特征演变规律；解明了箱体螺栓固结界面的动态滞回特性与固结界面接触特性参数、工况参数之间的映射关系，查明了固结界面不同滑移状态对系统振动特征的影响机制；构建了齿轮传动系统不同传递组件之间的振动传递路径函数，揭示了齿轮内部冲击沿系统滑移-滚动-固结界面耦合系统的振动传递规律，解释了齿轮内部激励振动与外部箱体轴承座振动之间的传递机理，为传动系统齿轮振动特征的提取与识别提供新的方法和理论支撑。.本项目形成的研究成果被成功应用于轧制设备监测与诊断系统中，有力保障了关键轧制装备服役质量预警与管控平台的研制质量和进度。本项目研究建立非光滑界面接触振动模型和仿真分析方法等已进一步延伸应用至高速列车轮轨关系建模、高速动车组制动盘螺栓松动与丢失诊断，为保障列车安全稳定运行提供了基础，取得了良好的经济和社会效益。