孤立磁星和吸积磁星的磁层研究

Magnetar is a special kind of pulsars. They may be neutron stars powered by their magnetic energy. This is the difference between magnetars and normal rotation-powered pulsars, or accretion-powered pulsars in binary systems. Therefore, magnetars form a new population of pulsars. They provide us new specimen and new parameter spaces to study pulsars. Observationally, magnetars have strong variabilities, e.g. bursts (including giant flares), outbursts, and various timing events etc. The recent discovery of magnetar wind nebula and (possible) accreting magnetars are new branches of magnetar researches. We plan to study: (1) The self-consistent twisted magnetosphere solution of magnetars. By including the effect of rotation, a unified magnetosphere solution may be obtained for both magnetars and normal rotation-powered pulsars. (2) The structure and evolution of magnetar wind nebula. The study of magnetar wind nebula will provide additional evidences for the magnetosphere structure and particle outflow of magnetars. During this process, the differences between magnetar wind nebula and normal pulsar wind nebula can also be revealed. (3) Rotational behavior and evolution of accreting magnetars. The accreting low magnetic field magnetar scenario may explain the observations of ultra-luminous X-ray pulsars. Several other kinds of special accreting neutron stars may also be understood in the accreting magnetar model.

磁星（magnetar，又译强磁星，或超磁星）是一种特殊的脉冲星。不同于传统的转动供能的脉冲星和双星中吸积供能的脉冲星，磁星的辐射可能是来自磁场供能。因此磁星是一种新的脉冲星品种，它为人们研究脉冲星提供了新的样本和切入点。观测上磁星表现出很强的活动性，包括：各种爆发，持续X射线流量的变化，各种测时事件等。最近磁星星风云和（可能）吸积磁星的发现则是磁星研究新的分支。我们计划研究：（1）磁星扭曲的磁层解。通过考虑转动效应，从而实现从磁层的角度统一理解磁星和通常脉冲星。（2）磁星星风云的多波段能谱和演化。通过磁星星风云的研究，为磁星磁层和粒子流研究提供额外的证据，比较磁星星风云和通常脉冲星星风云的不同。（3）吸积磁星的自转和演化。用吸积的低磁场磁星来解释超亮X射线脉冲星，来理解各种特殊的吸积中子星品种。

磁星（magnetar）是强磁场的年轻的脉冲星。它是新的脉冲星品种，也在超新星、GRB、FRB等领域有着广泛的应用。在一颗银河系磁星上看到类似宇宙学的FRB，我国的FAST、HXMT也对此做了重要的观测。.磁星的磁层和辐射机制研究是磁星物理的基本方面之一。现在磁星的研究从单个的孤立磁星，也拓展到双星系统中吸积的磁星。本项目“孤立磁星和吸积磁星的磁层研究”就是有关磁星基本物理的研究。.从2018年项目启动以来，我们在项目的支持下，积极参与国内外的科研活动，参会、访学、参加培训等。项目期间共招收和培养研究生3名，以第一作者或通讯作者共完成SCI科研论文8篇（MNRAS 5篇，ApJ 1篇，RAA 2篇），具体见正文。在本项目执行期间，项目负责人仝号也晋升到正高级职称。.在本项目执行期间，我们主要的工作是关于磁星磁层和辐射机制。以现阶段的工作为基础，我们接下来计划在脉冲星、磁星、FRB射电辐射机制方面做一系列的工作。现阶段的磁层物理研究是接下来射电辐射研究的基础。