机场激光能见度测量关键技术研究

As fast development of aviation, aeronautical meteorology has been regarded as particularly important. Atmosphere visibility is an important quantity in meteorology. Low-visibility atmosphere may affect normal transportation, in particular in civil aviation. Sometimes it may bring catastrophe. Therefore, visibility measurement becomes more interesting for meteorologists and scientists. A transmissometer has been seen as a visibility meter possessing relatively high accuracy. Unfortunately, almost all transmissometers used in China are manufactured by Vaisala in Finland. The Vaisala transmissometers are initially not intended to be designed for Chinese atmosphere, and hence, appear instable and inaccurate in China. In the present research we aim for developing several key techniques in determining the atmosphere visibility with high stability and high accuracy by using a laser source. We will firstly perform the investigations of beam transmittance and the scattering components via atmosphere properties and the laser beam quality. The multiple scattering components are important for the high-accurate visibility detection because it may induce the noise in the receiver. We will also perform the relevant experiments in order to further improve the performance of the visibility detection. Our work is important for promoting technologies of the visibility measurement, and is useful for autonomous fabrication of visibility-measurement equipments in China. It is particularly important for the flight safety in aviation.

我国航空运输业发展迅速，航空气象的研究变得重要和迫切。而能见度是航空气象研究所需的重要参数之一，对航空运输安全、效率有着重要影响。低能见度天气条件下的能见度测量尤为重要。目前，我国机场安装的能见度设备完全被国外大气透射仪垄断，不适用于我国雾霾环境。激光能见度测量技术已成为国内外能见度测量技术发展的必然趋势。本项目开展机场激光能见度测量关键技术研究。一方面建立用于能见度反演的准确的激光大气传输透射和散射理论模型，模型中充分考虑多次散射对激光能见度测量精度的影响，考虑不同大气环境、尤其是我国大气环境，同时也考虑光束质量对激光传输的影响。另一方面，研究能见度修正和高精度能见度反演方法，开展激光大气传输实验，用于进一步修正能见度，提高机场能见度反演精度。本项目的开展必将提升我国机场激光能见度测量技术水平，为我国机场激光能见度测量装备国产化的推进奠定基础，为航空安全提供重要保障。

本项目按计划完成了申请书中提出的研究内容和研究目标。建立了准确的用于反演机场能见度的激光大气传输模型，理论模型中重点研究激光信号的透射和散射效应，考虑不同大气环境和激光光束质量，并结合相应的实验成果，提出机场能见度修正模型和高精度能见度反演算法。项目解决了机场激光能见度测量技术中激光通过不同介质的多次散射模型和透射模型、激光大气传输中光束空间分布问题等关键科学问题。首次建立基于不同大气环境的多次散射模型，用于提高低能见度天气条件下机场能见度测量精度。项目首次利用自行研制的大气模拟系统进行的长距离激光大气传输实验，提出能见度修正方法和高精度能见度反演方法。项目共发表高水平论文13篇，其中11篇为SCI/EI检索论文，申请或授权专利5项，获得软件著作权2项。研究成果为研制高精度机场激光能见度测量装备提供理论依据，填补了我国激光能见度测量领域的研究空白。