中国技术转移的时空格局及演化机制研究

It is an inevitable choice to serve the strategy of innovation-driven development by building a technology transfer system that conforms to the laws of technological innovation and accelerating technology transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Most of the existing technology transfer research is based on the background of economics and management, and focuses on the micro-technology transfer of the main body of technological innovation, showing a trend of solidification of research objects, generalization of research content and weakening of spatial research. Although in recent years, along with the rapid development of innovation geography, a large number of urban and regional innovation issues have been widely revealed, there are also trends of single research scale, repeated data and overlapping research methods. How to study the technology transfer when it is promoted from the micro-subject level to the spatial level? What kind of spatial technology transfer system has China formed in the process of technology transfer? At the same time, when serving the innovative development strategy and promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, how should China build a technology transfer system that conforms to the laws of technological and innovative development of science and where is the direction of future practice? To answer these questions, we firstly need to construct a relatively reasonable and comprehensive research framework for spatial technology transfer. This project is based on such realistic and theoretical background to study the spatial-temporal evolution pattern and mechanism of technology transfer in China. On the one hand, it attempts to enrich the theoretical system and research content of innovative geography; on the other hand, it also attempts to provide theoretical instruction and empirical support for the construction of national technology transfer system.

建设符合科技创新规律的技术转移体系，加快技术转移和科技成果转化，是服务于创新驱动发展战略的必然选择。而现有技术转移研究多基于经济学和管理学背景，集中阐释技术创新主体层面的微观技术转移问题，呈现出研究对象固化、研究内容泛化和空间研究弱化的态势。本项目基于理论假设（理论框架）-实证推演（表征-机制-控制）的研究框架，综合集成创新地理学与复杂性科学理论和方法，在建构技术转移空间分析框架的基础上，全面挖掘中国技术转移在相（过程）-实（格局）-序（机制）空间上的演化规律。从学科角度以期丰富创新地理学理论体系和研究内容，从应用角度以期为国家建设技术转移体系提供理论指导和实证支撑。

构建符合科技创新规律，技术转移规律和产业发展规律的国家技术转移体系，既是我国提升国家创新体系整体效能、加快实施创新驱动发展战略的内在要求，也是构建全国统一大市场、深化要素市场化改革、提高科技成果转化和产业化水平的必然选择。本项目立足于技术转移空间规律研究较为薄弱这一理论现实问题，从适应科技创新规律，技术转移规律和产业发展规律出发，通过融汇地理学、系统科学、网络科学、经济学、管理学等学科相关理论和方法，从结构体系、维度体系和效应体系三个方面架构了城市技术转移的研究框架，并基于此建构了中国、长江经济带和长三角城市群技术创新活动分布及技术转移时空大数据库，从而展开了中国技术转移空间规律的系统性研究。研究发现：（1）空间聚集是中国技术转移活动分布的第一特征，中国技术转移活动高度集聚于长三角、京津冀和珠三角地区，北京、上海和深圳是中国城市技术转移的三大中心城市。（2）技术差距是中国城市技术转移网络发育演化的核心动力，中国城市技术转移体系的生长演化是由少数大城市主导并推动，中国技术转移活动在技术差距的规则下呈跳跃态、跨层次进行转移，从而推动着全国统一的技术交易大市场正在形成。（3）技术转移从要素流动的视角为解析区域一体化提供了新的分析工具。在总体层面和技术供给链层面，长三角、珠三角和京津冀这三大城市群的区域一体化皆未实现，但在技术销售链层面，仅长三角城市群实现了区域一体化，以上海为核心的一体化技术转移体系正加速形成。另外，本项目面向中美贸易摩擦、百年大变局和世纪疫情，对全球创新体系演化和中美科技博弈进行了深入的探讨。研究发现，全球创新格局出现“西强东弱”向“东升西降”的重大调整，中国科技竞争力快速上升，在全球创新体系中的地位也不断跃迁。通过引领全球高科技产品贸易和国际科技合作，中国致力于推动在百年变局和世纪疫情交织影响下的人类科技命运共同体建设。