中国颊脊隐翅虫亚族分类学及DNA条形码应用研究

The subtribe Quediina is a relatively large subtribe which belongs to family Staphylinidae, tribe Staphylinini, and has important systematic status and ecological significance. In this subtribe, 10 genera and more than 820 species are described worldwide, of which 8 genera and about 300 species are recorded to occur in China. The interspecific similarity is high in this subtribe, which causes difficulties in species identification. In addition, the monophyly of Quediina has always been under debate, and the phylogenetic relations among its genera and species are also in a messy and confusing condition. Although, the monophyly of the subtribe as a whole has been clarified preliminarily, the interior taxa are still highly problematic. Therefore, thorough and systematic revisions of the subtribe are desiderated. In this project, a systematic study of the Chinese Quediina is planned, and furthermore, two commonly used DNA barcodes (COI, ITS2) and 28s rDNA are selected to complete 3 aspects of research, 1. Revise the subtribe taxonomically based on species groups, discover new species and genera, clarify the species diversity in our country, and to enrich the insect resources of Chinese Quediina; 2. Distinguish sibling species, discover hidden species, and to clarify possible synonyms using DNA barcoding techniques; 3. Based on the DNA barcoding genes, study the phylogenetic relationships among the interior taxa of the Chinese Quediina by combining the principles and methods of molecular systematics, in order to reveal the evolutionary process of the subtribe, and to reconstruct its taxonomic system framework which fits the natural evolutionary history.

颊脊隐翅虫亚族是隐翅虫科，隐翅虫族中较大的一个亚族，具有重要的系统地位和生态意义。该亚族世界已知10属，820余种。我国拥有8属，约300种。该亚族种间相似度高，分类鉴定较困难。其单系性也一直备受争议，属种关系十分混乱。虽然该亚族的单系性问题目前已得到初步澄清，但其内部各阶元仍然问题严重，亟需系统厘定。本项目拟对我国颊脊隐翅虫亚族昆虫进行系统研究，并选取两个常用DNA条形码基因（COI、ITS2）和28s rDNA基因，完成3方面的研究工作，1. 以种团为单位进行分类修订，发现一批新种和新属，阐明我国的种属多样性，丰富我国颊脊隐翅虫亚族昆虫资源；2. 利用DNA条形码技术，区分近缘种，发现隐存种，澄清可能存在的同物异名问题；3. 在DNA条形码研究的基础上，结合分子系统学原理和方法研究该亚族内部各属种的系统发育关系，揭示其系统进化过程，构建符合自然进化历史的分类系统框架。

颊脊隐翅虫亚族（Quediina）是隐翅虫科（Staphylinidae）隐翅虫族（Staphylinini）中较大的一个亚族，具有重要的生态意义。该亚族物种数量众多，多样性强，分类鉴定困难。其单系性也一直备受争议，属种关系混乱。针对以上问题，本研究主要完成以下工作：（1）共整理隐翅虫标本3000余号，研究颊脊隐翅虫亚族标本千余号（8属，128种），发现该亚族8新种，2同物异名，1雄性首次记述，2中国新记录。（2）测定颊脊隐翅虫亚族22条标准COI条形码序列，并联合BOLD网站获得的424条该亚族COI条形码序列，用于遗传距离分析、NJ树分析、GMYC、mPTP等DNA条形码分析，结果表明COI条形码在分类学研究中，不宜单独作为物种划分的依据，应定位为形态分类的辅助技术。（3）测得34条隐翅虫线粒体基因组序列，其中25条属于颊脊隐翅虫亚族。首次测得全长线粒体基因组序列的包括隐翅虫科的4个属（Quedius、Indoquedius、Megalinus和aleochara，其中Quedius和Indoquedius属于颊脊隐翅虫亚族）和葬甲科的1个属（Nicrophorus），3条序列已上传到GenBank数据库。通过线粒体基因组比较研究概括出颊脊隐翅虫亚族线粒体基因组的基本特点。（4）利用测得的34条序列和从GenBank数据库选取的125条隐翅虫次目线粒体基因组序列，构建隐翅虫次目基干系统发育树。结果不支持阎甲总科和水龟虫总科的姊妹群关系，也不支持隐翅虫科传统的4亚科群的分类系统，同时也否定了广义颊脊隐翅虫亚族的单系性。颊脊隐翅虫亚族的核心属Quedius在本研究中被恢复为单系群，但其3个核心亚属中的Distichalius亚属嵌入在Raphirus亚属中，表明Distichalius和Raphirus亚属均非单系。（5）在本项目支持下，发表SCI论文10篇。