酵母菌挥发性物质环辛四烯抑制灰霉菌的作用机理研究

Botrytis cinerea is a cosmopolitan plant pathogenic fungus, causing gray mold disease on the pre- and post-harvest vegetables, fruits and flowers, and results in severe losses annually.?Because biological control is a safe approach for reducing plant postharvest diseases, it is already become an important method for reducing gray mould disease. Compared to other microorganisms, yeasts have many advantages in controlling of the gray mold disease, and already become an international research focus. It is a novel strategy to use volatile organic compounds from microorganisms for prevention and curing of plant disease under the close condition.?Through previous search, proposer proofed that the volatile compound of yeast could suppress pathogen may be a important mechanism for control pathogen by yeast for the first time. But the mechanism is what, and the volatile compound act on where were not clear. These problems require further investigation. This item will study on the pathway and mechanism of suppressing botrytis cinerea by cyclooctatetraene, which is the principal ingredient of volatile organic compounds of yeast strain C410. The results will help to illuminate the mechanism of control disease by volatile organic compounds of yeast, and establish foundation for researching new control methods and exploiting new biocontrol agents.

由葡萄孢属真菌引起的灰霉病是蔬菜、水果和花卉生产或储藏过程中的重要病害，每年都造成严重经济损失。因为生物防治对环境安全且效果显著，故而已经成为控制灰霉病的一条重要的防治途径。酵母菌与其它生防微生物相比，具有许多优势条件，已发展成为国际上防治植物病害相关研究的热点之一。利用一些微生物产生的具有杀菌作用的挥发性物质，在密闭条件下防治植物病害是一种较新的防治措施。申请人通过前期研究首次证实产生具有抑菌和防病活性的挥发性物质可能也是酵母菌的一种重要的防病机制。但挥发性物质具体作用机理和作用靶标是什么，需要进一步研究探索。本项目通过探索酵母菌C410产生的挥发性物质主要成分环辛四烯抑制灰霉菌的作用途径和作用机理，揭示酵母菌挥发性物质的防病机理，为新的生防途径的研究和新的生防资源的开发，奠定坚实的基础。

灰霉病可造成果蔬花卉生产的经济产量和采后储藏巨大的损失，迫切需要先进的植保技术控制其发生。生物防治对环境安全且效果显著，已成为控制灰霉病的重要途径。前期研究证实酵母菌菌株C410可产生挥发性物质防病，而环辛四烯是其产生的挥发性物质主要成分之一。本项目从细胞形态、生理生化过程和基因表达三个方面，探索了环辛四烯抑制灰霉菌的作用途径和作用机理。结果发现，环辛四烯作用于灰霉菌后，显著降低其还原糖含量和RNA完整性，并抑制致病相关因子纤维素酶、淀粉酶和毒素的分泌。通过表达谱分析推定超氧化物歧化酶、胞质中的氧化酶和脱氢酶、核糖体RNA小亚基甲基转移酶NEP1和高亲和葡萄糖跨膜转运蛋白SNF3为环辛四烯作用灰霉菌的靶标。从而探明了环辛四烯抑制灰霉菌生长和侵染的作用机理，填补了酵母挥发性抑菌物质防病机理这一空白，为新的生防途径的研究和新的生防资源的开发奠定了理论基础。