基于云南省城镇上山战略的山区建设用地适宜性评价原理与方法研究

In view of the current weakness of the research on theory, methods and practices of evaluating the mountainous land suitability for construction and the importance of implementing the strategy of "building urban and industrial projects on mountainland" and protecting high-class cultivated land in the flatland areas, this item will deeply probe into basic principles of mountainous land suitability evaluation for construction, systematically analyse the factors of influencing constructive land suitability in mountainous area, scientifically construct index system for evaluating the mountainous land suitability for construction, reasonably establish the evaluation system and practical model of mountainous land suitability for construction based on urgent needs of implementing the strategy of "building urban and industrial projects on mountainland" in Yunnan Province. By selecting typical county (or prefecture, municipality) as exemple, and applying the technical integration of Remote Sensing and GIS technology, field survey, modern evaluation model, the conventional evaluation methods technology and comprehensive analysis, the item does an empirical research on the mountainous land suitability evaluation for construction on the basis of the above study, and explores the mode of application of evaluation research results on implementing the strategy of "building urban and industrial projects on mountainland" and protecting high-class cultivated land in the flatland areas, and then summarizes and refines a set of scientific, practical, propagable principles and methods system of evaluating the mountainous land suitability for construction. It is of not noly important scientific significance for enriching and developing the theory and methods of land suitability evaluation, but also great realistic significance and high practical application values for implementing the strategy of "building urban and industrial projects on mountainland" in Yunnan Province and similar mountainous area.

针对国内外山区建设用地适宜性评价理论方法和实践研究的薄弱性以及实施"城镇上山"战略、保护坝区优质耕地的重要性，基于云南省实施城镇上山战略的迫切需求，在深入探讨山区建设用地适宜性评价基本原理、系统分析山区建设用地适宜性影响因素、科学构建评价指标体系、合理制定山区建设用地适宜性评价系统与实用模型的基础上，以典型县（或州、市）为实例，运用遥感、GIS技术、实地调查、现代评价模型、常规评价方法技术及综合分析等多种技术集成，进行山区建设用地适宜性评价的实证研究，并探索山区建设用地适宜性评价成果在实施城镇上山与基本农田下山战略、编制"城镇上山"型土地利用规划中的应用模式，进而总结和提炼一套科学、实用、易推广的山区建设用地适宜性评价原理与方法体系。不仅对丰富和发展土地适宜性评价理论与方法有着重要的科学意义，而且对云南省乃至类似山区实施"城镇上山"战略具有重要现实意义和实际应用价值。

针对国内外山区建设用地适宜性评价理论方法和实践研究的薄弱性以及实施“城镇上山”战略、保护坝区优质耕地的重要性，基于云南省实施城镇上山战略的迫切需求，在深入探讨山区建设用地适宜性评价基本原理、系统分析山区建设用地适宜性影响因素、科学构建评价指标体系、合理制定山区建设用地适宜性评价系统与实用模型的基础上，以德宏傣族景颇族自治州为实例，运用遥感、GIS技术、实地调查、现代评价模型、常规评价方法技术及综合分析等多种技术集成，进行山区建设用地适宜性评价的实证研究，构建起由7个特殊因子和10个一般因子（其中有5个同时是特殊因子）共同组成的山区建设用地评价指标体系，采用“极限条件法”与“适宜性指数法”相结合的技术方法，通过确定单项评价因子指数和综合性适宜指数，并运用GIS技术，以第二次土地调查1:10000土地利用现状图的基本图斑为评价单元，分析和评定了云南德宏州山区每一评价单元图斑的城镇建设用地适宜性及其适宜等级。评价结果表明，在全州山区面积985787.40 公顷中，其宜建地和不宜建地分别占14.37%和85.63%，一等宜建地、二等宜建地和三等宜建地的构成比例约为12:33:55。此外，还探索了山区建设用地适宜性评价成果在实施城镇上山与基本农田下山战略、编制“城镇上山”型土地利用规划中的应用模式。评价结果已应用于德宏州各县（市）“城镇上山”型土地利用总体规划（2010-2020年）修编之中，成效明显，使德宏州“保护坝区农田，建设山地城镇”战略得以顺利实施，全州坝区84%以上的优质耕地得到了永久性保护，新增建设占用耕地比例大幅下降。. 本项目建立的山区建设用地适宜性评价指标体系和评价方法适用于云南山区建设用地适宜性评价，可为云南省乃至国内外类似山区加强坝区（或平原区）优质耕地保护、合理地建设山地城镇发展模式提供理论和技术支撑。