水分和腐植酸对燕麦产量和β-葡聚糖协同调控机制研究

Oats is an important and idiomatical crops in northern China. Oat seeds contains higher β-glucan than other cereals, which can lower cholesterol, and have the function of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Predecessors' research results showed that under drought condition, the contradictions relationship were found between oat yield formation and β-glucan synthesis. Therefore, how to improve oats yield and β-glucan content in urgent for oat productin. Humic acid fertilizer improve crop yield and quality. This project combining the pot culture, rain-proof pool culture and field experiment, to study the effect of different water treatments and humic acid fertilizer on processing for soluble carbohydrate metabolism accumulation and distribution, fructan dynamic, β-glucan content dynamic, photosynthetic, protective enzyme system, the plasma membrane system, osmotic regulation substances and the endogenous hormone. The result expects to clear the source-sink relationship coordination mechanism and physiological response mechanism of oat under water and humic acid fertilize. We also expect to revealing the key physiological approach of oats grain yield formation and the β-glucan synthesis. The results may provides the theory basis for the coordinated control of oat yield and improve the β-glucan content under water and humic acid fertilizer.

燕麦是我国北方干旱半干旱地区重要的优势特色作物。燕麦籽粒中富含β-葡聚糖，具有降低胆固醇、预防和治疗心血管疾病的功能而受到越来越多的关注和重视。前人研究结果表明，在干旱条件下燕麦产量形成和β-葡聚糖合成之间存在相互矛盾和不协调的关系。因此，如何提高燕麦单产和β-葡聚糖含量成为燕麦生产中亟待研究的课题。腐植酸肥料具有明显的抗旱增产和改善品质效果。本项目采用盆栽试验、防雨棚池栽和大田试验相结合方法，研究水分处理下喷施腐植酸肥料对燕麦可溶性碳水化合物积累与分配动态、果聚糖代谢，光合、保护酶系统、质膜体系、渗透调节物质和内源激素等生理指标以及产量和β-葡聚糖含量的影响，明确水分和腐植酸肥料处理下燕麦源库关系协调机制和生理响应机制，揭示燕麦籽粒产量和β-葡聚糖合成的关键生理途径。研究结果为水分和腐植酸肥料协同调控燕麦增产和提高β-葡聚糖含量提供理论依据。

本项目通过盆栽试验、防雨棚池栽和大田试验相结合方法，研究水分处理下喷施腐植酸肥料对燕麦可溶性碳水化合物积累与分配动态，光合、保护酶系统和内源激素等生理指标以及产量和β-葡聚糖含量的影响，得到主要研究结果如下：.干旱条件下喷施腐植酸，抗旱品种蒙农大燕1号光合速率提高52.69%，水分敏感内燕5号提高76%，蒙农大燕1号光合速率高于内燕5号。在干旱胁迫下蒙农大燕1号喷施腐植酸使叶片中IAA浓度提高了2.40%，ABA浓度增幅为3.28%。内燕5号水分胁迫下燕麦叶片SOD、POD、MDA和Pro含量均显著升高，水分胁迫喷施腐植酸后，POD活性提高12.37%, MDA下降13.10%。两个品种在开花后各器官的WSC含量、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖均呈先增高后降低的变化趋势，蒙农大燕1号增幅高于内燕5号。腐植酸增加茎秆中蔗糖向籽粒运输，以缓解叶片光合能力的不足。喷施腐植酸后，灌溉处理下蒙农大燕1号产量增加20.71%，内燕5号增幅为21.10%；旱作条件下，蒙农大燕1号提高14.35%，内燕5号增产不显著。喷施腐植酸后，旱作条件下，蒙农大燕1号β-葡聚糖含量提高6.47%，内燕5号提高29.15%。灌溉处理下，两个品种β-葡聚糖含量增幅不显著。.本项目得出，喷施腐植酸对水分敏感品种的光合改善效果优于抗旱品种。在灌水条件下喷施腐植酸可增加燕麦叶片和茎秆中可溶性总糖向籽粒中转移，提高燕麦籽粒产量；同时灌溉处理不利于燕麦籽粒β-葡聚糖积累，而喷施腐植酸可促进β-葡聚糖的合成；在干旱条件下，腐植酸使燕麦内源激素含量发生变化，燕麦抗旱力增强，生长受抑制得到缓解，减轻水分亏缺对糖转运的影响，有利于燕麦稳产。项目研究成果对于我国燕麦高产优质栽培具有一定的理论意义和实践价值。.