基于空间分辨光谱技术的一维纳米材料光谱特性的表征与调控

Recently, characterizing and tailoring the optical response of one-dimensional (1D) materials have attracted substantial research interest within the field of nanophotonics. The research results on this topic help us gain a much deeper understanding of 1D quantum confined systems, contributed to the foundation of new physical laws, and paved a solid way to fabricate the novel photoelectronic nanodevices. In this project, we study the intrinsic absorption and Rayleigh scattering properties of individual 1D nanomaterials (including carbon nanotubes and semiconductor nanowires), revealed the mechanisms of many body interactions at excitation sate, and further explore new methods to tune the optical response of 1D nanomaterials. The main contents of this project are as followed: ① The intrinsic optical properties of 1D nanomaterials, which are usually hidden by heterogeneous broadening in ensemble measurements, are characterized by self-designed high sensitivity spatially resolved absorption/Rayleigh scattering spectrometer, and the absorption/Rayleigh scattering cross-sections of the 1D nanomaterials are also quantitatively measured. ② The diameter-dependent man body interaction in semiconductor nanowire are explored, and the energy dispersion relation along with the bandgap renormalization near K point in carbon nanotubes are also investigated.③ A theoretical model is established to describe the coupling between the photon state of spatially-structured light field and the electron state of 1D nanomaterials, the mechanism of the interactions between 1D nanomaterials and graphene are revealed, and the novel ways to tailor the optical properties of 1D nanomaterials with spatially-structured light field and graphene are finally put forward.

近年来，单根一维纳米材料光谱特性的表征和调控已成为纳米光子学研究的热点,其研究成果丰富了人们对一维量子受限体系的认识，促进了物理学新规律的发现，也为制备高性能纳米光电子器件奠定了坚实基础。本项目旨在研究单根一维纳米材料（包括碳纳米管、半导体纳米线）的吸收和瑞利散射光谱特性，揭示激发态下多体相互作用的规律，探索调控一维纳米材料光谱特性的新手段。具体包括：①开发新型高灵敏度的空间分辨吸收和瑞利散射光谱探测系统，以此获取隐藏在非均匀加宽机制下一维纳米材料的特征谱线，并定量地得到材料的吸收与散射截面；②掌握半导体纳米线中多体相互作用的直径依赖规律，建立K点附近碳纳米管的色散关系，探索其带隙重整化效应对手性结构的依赖规律；③探索空间结构光场的光子态与一维纳米材料的电子态的耦合规律，揭示一维纳米材料与石墨烯等材料的相互作用机制，并提出利用空间结构光场、石墨烯调控一维纳米材料光谱性质的新方法。

近年来，单根一维纳米材料光谱特性的表征和调控已成为纳米光子学研究的热点，其研究成果丰富了人们对一维量子受限体系的认识，促进了物理学新规律的发现，也为制备高性能纳米光电子器件奠定了坚实基础。本项目旨在研究单根一维纳米材料（包括碳纳米管、半导体纳米线）的光谱特性，揭示特殊空间结构光场与其相互作用的微观机制，进一步探索金属-低维纳米材料复合结构的光学性能的主动控制方法。具体包括：①基于空间结构光场的一维纳米材料（如碳纳米管、半导体纳米线）拉曼、荧光及散射光谱的调控；②空间结构光场与金属纳米结构的相互作用，包括：光场对金属结构局域场增强效应、模式耦合以及远场散射光谱的调控；金属纳米结构对光场偏振态转换的控制；③低维纳米材料与金属纳米材料的复合结构的光学性能，以及低维纳米材料对金属结构线性、非线性光学效应的调控。项目完成了既定的研究目标，在国际重要学术期刊发表论文9篇，其中影响因子>3的论文6篇，申请发明专利1项，发表国际会议论文1篇，在全国光学大会作邀请报告1次，并协助培养博士研究生3名，硕士研究生2名。通过本项目的实施，我们开发了新型的低维纳米材料的显微光谱表征装置，提出了空间结构光场的传输调控方法，实现了空间结构光场对低维纳米材料光谱特性的主动调控。这些结果有助于我们精确获取低维纳米材料的物性，在微观层面上认识特殊光场与低维纳米材料作用的机制。同时，为光学频率转换器件、新型的生物传感、全光路由等新型纳米光电子器件的研发提供了有益的参考。