协调自治的多能源形式负荷调度方法研究

The conventional power and energy system operation dominantly relies on the dispatch and control of energy sources or networks. The great potential lying in the demand side is not deployed. The load dispatch provides an effective complement, which means to accommodate energy consuming curves to the grid operation without violating users’ demand. Currently the great challenge in intermittent energy absorption calls for load dispatch urgently. However, this novel energy consuming perception is still on the way to being well-received and the development of related operation techniques is also in great need..The existing works are limited within different single energy forms. Moreover, the interaction is not included between the global grid operation and local demand management. Thus this project aims to develop a mechanism to support the dispatch of numerous distributed multi-energy loads in the smart grid, with their controllability and substitutability considered. In the mechanism, the load participants can be coordinated globally with energy suppliers and others while they are self-disciplined in the decentralized manner. The following contents are included: 1) the modelling technique for multi-energy controllable load resources and their interactions, 2) the day-ahead load dispatch model in along with the balance mechanism for multi-energy sources and loads, and 3) the hierarchical and distributed load dispatch mechanism and related algorithms..The research will lay the theory and application basis for the multi-energy load dispatch. It will benefit the renewable energy absorption and the comprehensive energy efficiency improvement. Additionally, it will also promote the Chinese energy revolution centered on the clean energy substitution and the electricity substitution.

传统电力能源系统运行主要依赖对源、网侧的调度控制，未能发挥负荷侧的巨大潜力。负荷调度是对此的有力补充，它指在不影响用户正常使用前提下，调整能源消费计划配合系统运行的过程。当前风电等间歇性能源消纳困难，开展负荷调度的需求迫切；但这种新型能源消费理念尚未深入人心，相关运行技术更有待建立、完善。已有研究局限于电力负荷，忽视了广域系统运行和多类型负荷管理的交互影响。为此在智能电网背景下，本研究拟面向多能负荷的可控潜力和替代关系，研究系统运行技术，构建广域协调-分散自治的调度机制，支撑对大规模、分散式负荷侧资源的优化控制，主要包括以下内容：1）多能源形式负荷侧可控资源及耦合关系建模；2）多能源形式源荷平衡机理分析与日前负荷调度问题建模；3）分层分布式协调调度方法研究。本研究将为负荷调度的实施奠定基础，有利于促进可再生能源吸纳、提高能源综合利用效率，推动以清洁能源替代和电能替代为核心的能源革命进程。

多能协调和源荷互动是改善电力能源系统运行、促进可再生能源电力消纳的重要途径，也是推进能源消费革命、落实碳达峰碳中和目标的重要举措。近年来，多能源负荷调度、综合能源需求响应的相关研究工作得到了广泛重视。围绕负荷调度，本项目开展了多方面的研究工作，主要包括：1）提出了一种“系统调度-负荷聚集体-可控负荷”顺序求解的分层分布式负荷调度方法，避免了负荷聚集体问题的内层迭代求解，加快了问题求解，构建了负荷聚集体约束，促进问题收敛；2）针对上述流程中的需要多次求解的“经济调度类”子问题以及使用的Benders分解等基础算法进行了改进，加快问题求解速度；3）以电动汽车充电负荷为例，探讨了具有网络化约束的可控负荷的分析与调度方法，面向智慧城市场景，建立了电力-交通耦合系统的协同调度框架，通过充电服务定价改善了电网、交通网运行，运用深度强化方法应对了调度决策过程中的不确定性难题；4）针对大规模可控负荷与系统运行中的互动问题，提出了需求响应用户均衡的概念与模型，为基于用户自主响应行为的负荷特性分析与调控奠定了理论基础。本项目的工作不仅推动了负荷调度方法研究，还初步探讨了负荷调度市场机制设计问题，为大规模负荷侧资源参与电力能源系统运行提供了理论基础与方法支撑。