适应生态服务价值要求的水库多尺度调度模型及其优化算法

The development and reservoirs operation on water resources of rivers both service to society and economy, and to protect the ecological environment. How to deal with the relationship between exploiting and protecting rivers? it is a key problem to solve in the course of exploiting and protecting water resources of rivers and reservoirs operation, for examples, how to quantify ecosystem service goals and service values of rivers in reservoir operating? How to implement reservoir operation adapted to requirements of ecosystem service values of rivers? In the project, to reservoir in main stream of Dongjiang River as the background; the benefits, which are from society, economy and ecological environment of river systems, are unified for ecosystem service values; the theories and methods based on eco-hydrology, reservoir operation and ecosystem service values are synthetically applied; and this project centeres on the issue of reservoir operation adapted to requirements of ecosystem service values,establishes the multi-time scales and their coupling reservoir operation models based on ecosystem service values, and evaluates ecosystem service values under natural and artificial regulation way, and presents to operation rules and operation models adapted to requirements of ecosystem service values.Through these researches the project aims to find out action mechanism and influence mechanism of reservoir operation to hydrological and ecological service values processes of rivers, reveal the complex function relation between reservoir multi-time scales operation modes and ecosystem service values of rivers, contrast and analyze the traditional optimization methods and bionic optimization algorithms to solve the models on reservoirs operation to ecological service values, and preliminarily build a theory and method on reservoirs operation which is necessary to meet the requirements of sustainable development and to adapt to requirements of ecosystem service values.

河流水（能）资源开发及水库调度既要服务于社会经济，又要注重生态环境保护。如何处理河流开发和保护的关系是河流水资源开发和水库调度中亟待解决的关键问题:如水库运行中河流生态服务目标及服务价值如何量化？适应河流生态服务价值要求的水库调度如何实施？本项目以东江干流水库为背景，将其社会经济和生态环境服务效益统称为生态服务价值，应用生态水文、水库调度及生态服务价值等理论方法，围绕适应生态服务价值要求的水库调度问题，建立多时间尺度及其耦合的水库生态价值调度模型，并评价人工调节和天然状态下的河流生态服务价值，提出适应生态服务价值要求的水库调度规则和调度模式。旨在探讨水库调度对河流水文和生态价值服务过程的作用机理和影响机制，揭示水库多尺度运行方式与河流生态服务价值的复杂函数关系，对比分析求解水库生态价值调度模型的传统优化方法和仿生优化算法，初步构建一种适应生态服务价值要求且满足可持续发展的水库调度理论方法。

随着人口的增长和经济的发展，许多流域突显河流开发和保护的矛盾：一方面，社会经济绝对用水增加要求河流尽可能提高水资源开发率以增加社会经济供水；另一方面，过渡开发水资源能增加社会经济供水，但又减小了生态需水、破坏了生态健康。为了正确处理这些矛盾，项目将水库调度与生态服务相结合，提出“水库生态价值调度”，并以东江为案例，探讨水库生态价值调度问题。主要成果为：（1）河流水文-生态存在函数关系，河流生态服务价值来源于河流生态服务功能流量的生态服务效应，东江河流生态系统指示生物以四大家鱼为主。（2）河流生态服务价值与水文-生态因子的函数关系以及多尺度水库生态价值优化调度模型正确有效，模型的仿生算法高效优越。（3）“优先满足河流生态需水，社会经济取水服从发电、发电服从生态、生态服从安全”的水库生态调度规则行之有效。（4）河流生态服务价值一级分类的大小及排序正确合理，新丰江建库前后河流生态服务价值比较检验了水库生态价值调度的补偿效果。（5）水库生态价值优化调度能增加河流生态服务价值，补偿拦河筑坝的负面影响，维持河流生态永续健康。研究成果对研究河流生态需水，生态服务-水文生态关系，河流生态服务价值来源，正确处理开发、利用和保护的关系，维持河流永续健康等具有重要意义。项目资助发表核心论文9篇，已投稿待录用4篇。培养博士生1名，硕士生8名（其中4名已经取得硕士学位，4名在读）。项目投入经费48万元，支出24.21714万元，各项支出与预算相符。剩余经费23.78286万元，剩余经费计划用于本项目后续研究支出。