新型碳纳米材料及其水体重金属离子荧光检测研究

Water resources are rich in Qinghai Province. Because of the region’s fragile and sensitive eco-environment, it is important and urgent to develop method for the water pollution monitoring. Heavy metals have been regarded as priority pollutants worldwide because of their serious acute and chronic toxicity, as well as their wide uses and relevance in human activities. Developing sensitive and selective methods to detect and quantify metal ions for environmental monitoring, is of considerable importance. Analytical techniques based on fluorescence detection are very popular because fluorescence measurements are usually very sensitive, easy to perform, and inexpensive. Here, a novel technique is developed in this study to prepare fluorescent nanocomposite probes for the detection of heavy metal ions by using carbon nanomaterials and metal complexes. Carbon nanomaterials possess many of the best properties of both bulk materials and molecules. Meanwhile, metal complexes as novel fluorescent probes possess a variety of advantages that make them suitable as luminescent probes. The combination of metal complexes and carbon nanomaterial chemistry brings new perspectives to sensing protocols. The present project intends to design new types of fluorescent nanocomposite probes with specific configuration, and then by optimizing the surface functionalization configuration or designing molecule structural to increase the probes stabilities and functionalities. In addition, through combination of the carbon nanomaterials with metal complexes aims to study their fluorescent sensitive and selective properties on the surface water heavy metal ions in the source region of Qinghai Province. Moreover, their chemosensors performance and the influence factors will be tested, which finally helps to explore the detection mechanism. These experiments are aiming to explore the structure-property relationship of fluorescent nanocomposites and their optimize conditions. The work planned in the present project will provide feasible tools for the detection of surface water heavy metal ions in the source region of Qinghai Province, which has great significance to ecological environment protection in three river source region.

青海水资源极其丰富，三江源地区是我国重要的生态屏障，由于该地区独特的地理位置和环境敏感脆弱等特点，其水资源保护监测等方面的工作还需要更加深入的进行。本项目主要将从地表水重金属离子分析检测出发，开发新型的碳纳米材料复合荧光探针，为解决水污染中重金属离子荧光检测提供新方法新思路。对探针进行优化以提高相关重金属离子检出限、选择性和灵敏度是本项目的主要目标。本研究的主要内容包括：碳纳米材料及以金属配合物为代表的新型荧光团的可控设计构建；通过碳纳米材料的功能化修饰及金属配合物的设计开发多种识别方式用于检测；从响应机理出发对材料复合进行合理的优化；考察碳纳米复合探针的结构、形貌、组成与探针性能之间的关系；研究碳材料对于水体重金属离子检测影响因素；探索检测机理。本项目希望通过整合相关碳材料及化合物的优势构建多功能、多用途的复合荧光探针，为实现青海生态保护、水体重金属离子检测提供更好的工具方法和依据。

开发新型荧光传感体系应用于水体中重金属离子污染物的高灵敏、高选择性检测，对于生态环境保护、保障食品安全等具有重要的意义。本项目从水体典型重金属离子荧光检测出发，以新型碳材料为主，利用金属有机框架材料等作为基底，开发设计构建新型复合荧光探针，用于水体重金属离子（Hg2+、Cu2+）的荧光传感，项目成功构建了多种荧光探针，通过形貌调控、传感模式构建等方式，提高了探针的灵敏度。本项目主要进行的工作包括如下内容，利用“瓶中造船”方式通过金属有机框架材料ZIF-8复合氮化碳及碲化镉量子点构建双色荧光探针应用于水体中汞离子的检测；功能化金属有机框架材料复合稀土离子及金属铜簇构建比率型荧光探针用于铜离子检测；改性稀土Tb3+功能化的UiO-66型金属有机框架材料用于比率荧光检测水体和饮品中的Cu2+。相关方法为缩短检测周期、提高检测效率、实现目标物可视化高灵敏检测提供了一种简便可行的手段。本研究目前已发表基金资助SCI论文5篇，本项目的开展丰富了水体典型重金属离子荧光传感的构建方法扩展了其应用范围，研究主要结合新型碳材料的设计合成及复合相关材料（金属有机框架材料等）构架具有特定功能的荧光传感器，整合了特定组分的优势构建多功能、多用途的复合荧光探针，其为开发新型高灵敏、高选择性、可视化荧光检测水体污染物提供了科学依据。