高性能复合左右手波导漏波天线研究

The special properties of composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line make the leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) based on CRLH transmission lines easily acquire the capability of beam steering from backfire to endfire. Many attentions have been focused on this research, which has become one of the hot topics in research and development of new type antenna and a lot of progresses have been made in planar transmission line structures during the past few years. However, in practical applications, especially in radar applications, there are still many problems waiting for solving, e.g. the loss is quite large, the radiation efficiency and the power capacity are quite low as well as the optimization of pattern synthesis, etc. This study will first investigate CRLH waveguide structures and focus on the distribution of electromagnetic field and their transmission performances, and then explore the applications in high performance LWAs. We will try to propose new methods for pattern synthesis of CRLH LWAs, design and manufacture prototypes of high performance antennas. We will evaluate the performance of the prototype in view of the requirements of real radar system, and lay solid foundations for future practical engineering application of CRLH LWAs.

复合左右手传输线的许多特殊性能,使得基于复合左右手传输线的漏波天线很容易获得从后向到前向波束连续扫描的能力,这方面的研究引起了众多的关注,成为了新型天线研究的热点之一,并且已经在平面传输线结构的天线中取得了较大的进展。然而复合左右手漏波天线在推向实际应用,尤其是雷达应用的过程中,仍然存在一些亟待解决的问题，例如损耗较大，辐射效率和功率容量较低以及天线方向图综合优化问题等。本课题拟从电磁场理论的角度研究复合左右手波导结构，着重研究其电磁场结构特性和传输性能，进而拓展其在高性能漏波天线中的应用。提出复合左右手波导漏波天线的方向图综合方法，设计并实现高性能复合左右手漏波天线样件。结合实际雷达系统的需求对其性能进行评估，为进一步推动复合左右手漏波天线的实际工程应用奠定基础。

由于支持后向波传播以及无限波长传播的特殊性质，复合左右手漏波天线很容易获得从后向到前向波束连续扫描的能力,这方面的研究引起了众多的关注,并且已经在平面传输线结构的天线中取得了较大的进展。然而复合左右手漏波天线在推向实际应用,尤其是雷达应用的过程中,仍然存在损耗较大、辐射效率和功率容量较低以及天线方向图综合优化问题等。为了解决这些问题，本课题研究并提出了高性能复合左右手波导漏波天线。首先我们从电磁场理论的角度研究了高性能复合左右手波导结构，理论计算其内部电磁场分布，进一步对其传输特性进行了研究，从理论上论证了其构建高性能漏波天线的可能性。然后我们分析了复合左右手波导的漏波辐射，并提出了复合左右手波导漏波天线的方向图综合方法；基于Ka波段的复合左右手波导设计了低副瓣、高效率的复合左右手波导漏波天线，并加工实现了天线样件。仿真和实测结果表明本项目设计的复合左右手波导漏波天线能够在很大的主波束扫描范围内具有低副瓣；同时该复合左右手波导漏波天线还具有高功率容量、高增益和高效率的优点，这些高性能使得该漏波天线更适合于实际的雷达系统，进一步推动了其实际工程应用。