水下辐射噪声实时计算的稀疏测点及小样本条件影响机理研究

The key of the stealth maintenance, for navigating underwater vehicles, is the real-time calculation of the radiated noise. Due to the objective conditions, such as the quantity of the measuring sensors, the space in the vehicles, most of the numerical methods and the in-situ measuring methods are inapplicable. With the operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) method, the actuating tests in underwater vehicles can be avoided, and the requirement of the hundreds of hydrophones can be greatly be decreased to just about 30. The future value of the OTPA method is enormous. However, in the prophase research, there are two bottleneck problem: 1) the effective hydrophones on an underwater vehicle are always less than 15, still inadequate; 2) a large number of training operation are needed in calculations, but the types of noise tests in sail are less than 5...Based on the requirement, with the thinking of the OTPA method, aimed at the above problems, the influence mechanisms of the sparse sensors and the clustering principles of the training operations transfer learning are researched. The influence laws of the sensor conditions on the radiated noise evaluation will be discovered. The dependence relationship between the evaluated results of the radiated noise and the quantity of the samples will be explored. The increase and selection principles of the training operations samples will be elucidated. The real-time evaluation method of the underwater vehicles radiated noise in the conditions of the sparse sensors and small samples will be proposed...The research finding will be significant for the research of the underwater structures noise radiation, and be an enrichment of basic theory of in-sail underwater vehicles radiated noise.

实时计算在航水下航行器辐射噪声是维护其隐蔽的关键。受测点数量、空间结构等条件制约，多数数值计算和试验测量方法难以适用。工况传递路径分析法（OTPA）能规避航行器内激振测试的困难，并将数百的水声测点需求减少为30左右，方法潜在价值高。但前期研究发现，应用该方法也存在瓶颈难题：1）航行器上有效水声测点数量往往低于15，仍少于30的最低需求；2）计算需要大量训练样本，而航行测噪工况组合不足5种。. 拟以实际需求为牵引，利用OTPA方法的基本思路，针对上述两项难题，开展稀疏测点条件影响机理研究和训练工况迁移学习及聚类原理研究，揭示测点条件对辐射噪声计算的影响规律，探索辐射噪声计算结果对样本量的依赖机制，阐明训练工况样本扩容及选取原则，建立稀疏测点及小样本条件下水下航行器辐射噪声实时计算方法。. 研究成果对揭示水下结构噪声辐射规律有重要意义，并可为实时掌握在航水下航行器辐射噪声奠定理论基础。

实时解算在航水下航行器辐射噪声是维护其安静性能的关键。受测点数量、空间结构等客观条件制约，数值计算和传统TPA方法难以适用。工况传递路径分析法（OTPA）能规避航行器内激振测试的困难，并将数百的水声测点需求减少为30左右，方法潜在价值高。但前期研究发现，应用该方法也存在瓶颈难题：1）航行器上有效水声测点数量往往低于15，仍少于30的最低需求；2）计算需要大量训练样本，而航行测噪工况组合不足5种，存在“小样本”问题。相关理论亟待完善，并实现推广应用。.项目围绕上述两个问题，利用OTPA方法的基本思路，结合实际需求，从两个方面分别揭示稀疏测点条件对辐射噪声计算的影响规律，阐明训练工况样本扩容及选取原理，并在此基础上，建立水下航行器辐射噪声实时计算方法。.模型试验表明，利用提出的计算方法，在测点数量、工况设置不变的情况下，水下航行器辐射噪声实时计算平均精度提高了13%以上。实船测试结果表明，提出的计算方法完全满足工程使用需求。.研究拓展至机械故障异常噪声评估、桨轴及水动力异常噪声计算等方面，并对辐射噪声计算结果在被探测性评估方面的使用，进行了研究，并形成相应结论。.项目成果已通过多个型号科研项目，应用于减振降噪技术集成、船舶振动噪声监测等船舶工业领域，形成了功能模块，取得了较显著的效益。此外，项目成果还通过重点学科建设项目，应用于船舶与海洋学科教学领域。项目理论成果还可为线性声学、海洋声学等领域的逆问题研究，提供借鉴。