干旱条件下糜子高产群体结构、生理性状及微气象特征研究

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is the main grain and economic crop in arid region. Broomcorn millet has strong tolerance to drought and barren soil, and high water use efficiency. Improving the yield and quality of broomcorn millet has great significance for maintaining grain balance in arid region and realizing agricultural sustainable development. In this project, using low-yielding drought tolerant and drought-sensitive varieties as , the microclimatic characteristics in field, structure and physiological characters of high-yielding population of broomcorn millet under drought conditions will be systematic studied. The dynamic relationship between individual morphological characteristics, population dynamics as well as the field microclimate characteristics of broomcorn millet will be investigated, and the best population of high-yielding field will be explored and established. The effects of varieties and cultivation measures on the growth characteristics and population dynamics of broomcorn millet will be analyzed, thus providing the theoretical foundation for establishing high-yielding cultivation techniques of broomcorn millet. Meanwhile, the multiple system of high-yielding population of broomcorn millet will be constructed through comparatively studying the quality traits of different high-yielding population of broomcorn millet under different ecological conditions and different years (wet years, normal flow years, and drought year), The energy and material balance of field atmosphere - crop - soil system will be investigated, and the ecological mechanisms of drought stress adaptation of broomcorn millet will be revealed. The results and technology systems established will provide valuable information for high-yielding population construction, high quality and high-yielding cultivation technology in other cereal crops.

糜子抗旱耐瘠、水分利用效率高，是旱作农区主要粮食作物和经济作物，提高糜子产量和品质，对维持产区粮食区域平衡，实现农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本项目拟以抗旱低产品种、旱敏感品种为对照，系统研究干旱条件下糜子高产农田小气候特征，探析干旱条件下糜子高产群体结构特征及生理性状变化，探索糜子个体形态特性、群体动态与其形成的农田小气候特征之间的动态结构关系，探究和建立干旱条件下高产糜子农田的最佳群体状态；分析品种、栽培措施对糜子生育特性及其群体动态的影响，建立糜子高产农田栽培技术模式；比较研究不同生态条件、不同年型（湿润年、平水年、旱年）糜子不同高产群体的质量性状，构建糜子高产群体结构的多元体系，探究糜子农田大气-作物-土壤系统能量和物质平衡，揭示糜子适应干旱胁迫的生态生理机制。本研究所形成的研究结果与技术体系也将为其他谷类作物高产群体构建及优质丰产栽培提供借鉴。

糜子是起源于中国的最古老的农作物之一，具有生育期短、耐旱、耐贫瘠等特点，是抗灾备荒、复种增收、调节农业种植结构的先锋作物。糜子脱壳后为黄米，黄米营养价值丰富，适口性好，药食同源，在现代功能性食品的开发中具有很大潜力。随着人们膳食结构调整及多元化开发，糜子的市场需求日益旺盛。但由于糜子属小宗作物，优质抗逆栽培研究基础薄弱，因此，分析不同基因型品种群体特征，探究不同抗旱类型糜子群体冠层特性与生物学特性，建立合理群体结构，对于糜子优质高产栽培具有重要意义。本项目选用不同类型糜子品种，系统研究干旱条件下不同基因型品种农田小气候特征，探究了糜子高产农田小气候特征及高产群体结构特征及生理性状变化，研究了密度、播期、肥力、种植模式、间作模式等不同栽培措施对糜子群体冠层动态与生长发育的调控效应，研究了干旱胁迫与复水条件下糜子生育特性，揭示了糜子适应干旱胁迫的生态生理机制。与此同时，较为系统地研究了糜子品质特性及蒸煮食味品质，研究结果为糜子优质高效栽培奠定基础。项目实施4年来，发表科研论文22篇，其中SCI论文5篇；出版专著1部，培训教材2本；制定技术标准（规范）4项，获得新型实用专利1项，获陕西省优秀科普作品奖1项，培养博硕士研究生10人，参加国内外学术交流14人次。