光盐扰动下闸控河流水华暴发的驱动机制研究

With the construction of dams and sluices on rivers in the recent years, many semi-closed water bodies similar to lakes or reservoirs came into being, leading to the increasing frequency of algal bloom phenomenon, as well as the serious eco-environmental problems and water supply crisis. To this end, the Huangqiao Sluice in Shaying River was taken as the research object to explore the driving mechanism of algal bloom in the sluice-controlled rivers (SCR) from the perspective of the strong disturbance to the water body's light and salt environment influenced by the sluice scheduling. Firstly, on basis of the multiphase transformation theory of water quality, the deposition-resuspension mechanism of suspended solids under the sluice scheduling and the concentration variation rules of nutrition were researched to reveal the driving mechanism of salt factor affecting the algae growth under sluice scheduling. Secondly, the transparency variation rules and the effect of underwater light under sluice scheduling were researched by application of water optical theory, which is beneficial to reveal the driving mechanism of light factor affecting the algae growth under sluice scheduling. Then the eutrophication model of sluice-controlled river considering light and salt interaction was developed, and the light and salt factor thresholds and hydrodynamic conditions were simulated and identified to explore the scheduling pattern under certain inflow conditions, which is conducive to the prevention of algal bloom. The research results can not only provide theoretical guidance for water environment evolution mechanism research under strong interference conditions, but also have practical value for the prevention of algal bloom in SCR and the sustainable exploitation of water resources.

近年来由于闸坝等水利工程的建设，使得河流“湖库化”趋势日益明显，一些多闸坝、重污染河流的水华发生频次显著增加，带来严重的生态环境问题和供水危机。为此，以沙颍河黄桥大闸作为研究对象，从水闸调度对水体光盐环境强烈扰动新视角，来研究闸控河流水华暴发的驱动机制。基于水质多相转化理论，研究悬浮物在水闸调控下的沉降-再悬浮作用机理及其造成的营养盐浓度变化规律，揭示水闸调度对藻类生长的盐因子驱动机制；基于水体光学理论，研究在水闸调控下的透明度变化规律及其对水下光场的影响效果，揭示水闸调度对藻类生长的光因子驱动机制；进而，创建考虑光盐交互作用的闸控河流富营养化模型，模拟和识别诱发水华的光盐因子阈值和水动力学条件，探寻在一定来水条件下最有利于水华预防的调度模式。其研究成果不仅对强干扰条件下的水环境演变机理研究具有理论指导意义，而且对于闸控河流水华防控和水资源可持续开发利用等具有实际应用价值。

针对我国闸坝建设引发河流水华加剧现实问题，从水闸调度对水体光盐环境强烈扰动新视角，研究闸控河流水华暴发的驱动机制和防控理论。以沙颍河黄桥大闸为典型区，开展水闸调度对藻类生长光盐因子的驱动机制研究，创建闸控河流富营养化模型，分析在光盐因子交互作用下的藻类浓度时空变化规律，识别引起水华暴发的光盐因子阈值和水动力学条件，探寻在一定来水条件下最有利于水华预防的调度模式。.项目累计发表学术论文27篇，其中，SCI收录10篇，EI收录4篇。部分研究成果“闸控河流水质转化机理级关键调控技术与应用”获河南省科技进步三等奖，“闸控河段水质多相转化机理研究”获河南省自然科学二等奖。主持编著了《闸控河流水环境模拟与调控理论研究》（科学出版社），参编了《中国水科学研究进展报告2015-2016》。参加了四届水科学发展论坛、三年水环境模拟与预测学术论坛年会、两届中国水论坛、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展高层科技论坛“水资源战略”分论坛等会议，先后做了“闸控河流水质转化机理及调控研究”等学术报告。.通过研究，建立了光照强度衰减系数与透明度之间的函数关系式和藻类生长的光因子限制函数，绘制了营养盐浓度、透明度与藻类数量之间的定量关系曲线，分析给出在光盐条件交互作用下的水动力学指标调控范围，计算得到在一定来水来污条件下预防水华最有利的闸门调度方式。研究成果不仅对强干扰下的水环境演变机制研究具有理论指导意义，而且对于闸控河流水华防控和水资源可持续开发利用等具有实际应用价值。