Application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) in tooth regeneration has been a hot topic in oral regenerative medicine. Tooth develops from a serial epithelial and neural crest derived mesenchymal interactions. The key point is how to differentiate iPS into the odontogenic epithelial and mesenchymal cells respectively for further tooth reconstruction between these two parts. We have succeeded in generation of iPS derived epithelial sheets, desiring properties for being induced for tooth regeneration. However, the key signals for pulse-on the odontogenic potential of the dental mesenchymal cells in the regenerative organ germs are still unclear. This is a big obstacle for odontogenic mesenchymal cells regeneration from iPS cells. Therefore, we will first investigate the loss process of odontogenic potential in mouse dental mesenchymal cells when they are cultured in vitro. With making sure of turning point of losing odontogenic potential, we will carry out the transcriptome sequencing analyses with both samples before and after the turning point, followed by validating the possible candidates through overexpression, siRNA and rescue studies to clarify the key signals and possible involved pathways. We will explore the possible application of the above findings in iPS differentiation for odontogenic mesenchymal cells through iPS derived neural crest cells. Our study will lay the technical foundations for the tooth regeneration derived completely from stem cells and offer the helpful database for other organ regeneration studies.
如何将诱导多能干细胞(iPS)分化为成牙上皮和成牙间充质,并最终整合成牙,是利用iPS实现牙再生的关键问题。前期工作中,iPS被分化为可接受牙源信号的上皮细胞,实现了成釉器及牙釉质的再生。但是,成牙间充质细胞启动体外原基成牙发生的关键信号不明,这成为了攻克iPS定向分化为成牙间充质细胞的瓶颈问题之一。本研究以小鼠牙胚间充质细胞体外培养过程中的成牙潜能丧失的转折点为突破口,通过成牙能力分析、转录组测序分析、过表达、干扰、拯救验证等手段,解析体外培养体系中间充质成牙潜能的关键信号,并初步评估所发现的关键信号在iPS通过神经嵴细胞(牙胚间充质起源细胞)向成牙间充质细胞定向分化中的可应用性。本研究将阐明牙胚间充质成牙潜能的关键信号,为实现iPS向成牙间充质的定向分化提供重要的技术基础和参考依据。
小鼠帽状期牙胚间充质细胞被广泛用于诱导各类上皮细胞组织实现全牙再生。但该间充质细胞启动体外原基成牙发生的关键信号尚未明确,这成为了攻克包括iPS定向分化为成牙间充质细胞的瓶颈问题之一。本项目以小鼠牙胚间充质细胞体外培养过程中成牙潜能丧失的转折点为突破口,通过成牙能力分析、转录组测序分析及相关验证进行探索,以期阐明牙胚间充质成牙潜能的关键信号,并建立维持成牙潜能的培养体系。由此,我们利用DMEM+10%FBS(CD1)进行间充质细胞的体外培养,检测成牙相关基因的表达,解析间充质细胞的成牙潜能,揭示培养前后细胞转录组的差异及差异基因的功能,进而分析预测上游调控基因、构建细胞关系网络图,最后据理改良培养体系,并验证新条件下牙胚间充质细胞的成牙潜能。结果显示牙胚间充质细胞在CD1条件下,24h后仍保留成牙潜能(60%),但48h后丧失成牙潜能。细胞间关系网络图显示牙胚间充质细胞在培养过程中神经嵴相关特征逐渐丧失,因此我们在新培养体系(CD2)中添加了促神经嵴细胞发育和分化的Egf和Fgf2,并用成分明确的KSR替代FBS。CD2明显促进细胞的增殖,并维持了部分成牙相关基因的表达。重组实验显示新体系中成牙潜能可维持至48h,与E14.5牙胚上皮重组移植后可发育成组织结构完整的牙样结构(50%);与E9.5小鼠非牙源的第二腮弓上皮重组移植后也可发育成牙样结构(21%)。但培养72h后细胞成牙潜能丧失。此外,我们进一步优化该无血清培养体系,形成目前最优的培养体系(CD3),成牙潜能可维持至14天,即第二次从传代前,该部分相关验证分析工作仍在进展中。综上,本研究结果一方面找到了部分诱导成牙的关键因素,另一方面构建牙胚间充质细胞的现有最优体外培养体系,为今后人类在牙齿再生研究中对具有诱导成牙潜能细胞的长期培养方式提供依据,也为利用诱导成牙关键因素开启牙胚类器官再生的新视角提供了重要参考线索。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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