浙江萧山南沙地区当代乡土住宅的历史、形式和模式研究

With the high-speed development of modern cities, the area of periphery-urban was taken the risk of palimpsest, the contemporary vernacular architecture in rural land deserve academically recording. This research was based on the area of Southern Sands arean of Xiaoshan district of Hangzhou. From the very monomer to the settlements level, we analyzed the form orders, organization patterns with the documentation of the urban and rural history. This research was based on the field survey and detailed interviews in the target area. The significance of the research was to generate a logical connection between several elements as below: Samples, Form, Texture, Identity, and Context. First of all, it was the data collection and analysis, illustrated the sample and the premise of the target area. This part was based on the field survey which covered the contents, such as material environment, space types, function structures, decorative motivs and so on. Then, the Form part was consisted of character organization and texture patterns. An evolution generative mechanism was summarized based on the text under the gene controlled. The identity part, through the analysis of the identity of the external forces of the contemporary Xiaoshan, was proposed to establish the connection between micro text and macro context. The final part was intended to summarize the views on the full combination of urbanization in the contemporary context and drew the conclusion of the research and suggestions of the contemporary Chinese rural development. The context and texts of the target area was complicated, the contemporary Chinese rural land was under the global context and strength, this research was not only to make a doucumentaion of the research texts, but to make out the path of interpretation.

在当前城市高速发展的背景下，城郊农村地区的风貌面临重写，当代乡土住宅在快速更新中不断被抹除，亟待记录和研究。本研究以浙江杭州市萧山区的南沙地区为地理范围，在追溯历史背景的基础上，以解放后至今现存的当代乡土住宅为对象，研究其历史背景、形式规律和生成模式。结合已有的对浙江萧山南沙地区当代乡土住宅的大量测绘调研，将其生成过程中涉及的诸多样本、形式、组织、特征和语境进行一种较为逻辑的梳理。首先，确定取样的前提和范围，梳理和描绘样本的物质环境、空间形态、功能布局、材料构造和装饰母题等内容。其次，明确类型分析的方法，并据此从时间断代、空间类型等方面进行形式的分析归纳。而后，从组织机制的角度，分析其受控过程，总结样本从无序向有序的演变过程。通过对萧山当代的社会、经济和文化特征的分析，提出萧山南沙当代乡土住宅的特征。最后，结合新城镇化的语境，对中国当代的农村建设提出若干建议和研究视角。

本课题旨在探求城郊农村地区，在新城镇化时期的设计和规划模式，同时科学的研究自组织理论视野下的当代乡土建筑的生成机制。申请人和项目组科研团队通过基础理论研究，以北京门头沟地区乡土聚落，浙江兰溪地区乡土聚落，江西南昌安义县乡土聚落及贵州安顺地区乡土聚落的调研，结合已有的浙江萧山地区的当代乡土聚落的大量测绘调研，建立城郊农村地区的当代乡土住宅和聚落的模型库，通过自组织理论相关方法的介入，对样本的原型规律进行系统分析和总结，提炼城郊当代乡土住宅的生成机制。十九大，中央提出建设“美丽中国”，美丽乡村是其中重要组成部分。城乡二元结构逐步被打破，但是如何在新时代的语境下破题，推动农村的自发性更新是难点中的难点，本研究亦试图在设计实践层面转化研究成果为实际落地项目。.本研究聚焦于近年来京浙黔地区的当代乡土聚落的历史、样本、形式、特征及相关乡建实践现象，组织实地调研，充分记录现存的乡土建筑样本，研究其历史背景、形式规律和生成模式，总结出乡土住宅群体自发生成的四个主要过程，分别是：基因——受控的广谱性；共享——短程通讯；突变——特征涌现；蔓延——特征形成。着重反思我国相应历史时期的城市化进程中的得失。针对当下各类“网红”乡建实践的调研，对乡建中建筑及其设计的作用、误区和态度进行解析，并期望提出适应当下新时代语境下 “乡村建筑学”的可能性。