“类穴”主治共性与部位相关的规律

Taxonomic acupoints, were divided according to functional similarities of acupoints. It is incompletely verified that the functional similarities of acupoints are relevant to the body parts they located. Several researches using biological methods were conducted to explore and prove this relevance. However, the theory of taxonomic acupoints hasn’t been systematically and thoroughly constructed, and expressions of the theory are lack of clarified and normative standard. In addition, many relevant problems call for profound analysis, and the regularities of taxonomic acupoints haven’t been presented visually. Based on this background, this project is planned to start from data mining in the document database of Chinese medicine and acu-moxa, to explore theoretical discussions related to taxonomic acupoints. By comparing and integrating practical experiences from the classics to later literature, the evolution of taxonomic acupoints will be presented in form of data. Using documentary and theoretical research methods, the classification approach will be settled according to the acupoints contained, meridian belonged to, relation, theorization degree, etc. The project will make clear how is the relevance between functions of taxonomic acupoints and the body parts they located, and the diseases they treat and the specific locations of points will be analyzed quantitatively. The degree of correlation will be compared and figured out from the view of characteristic and quantity. On this basis, the theoretical system of taxonomic acupoints can be constructed comprehensively. Under the model theory, the project plans to build a taxonomic-acupoint model to schematize this theory visually. The project lies significance in intensifying understanding the regularities of relation between functional similarities of acupoints and their location on body parts, in order to contribute to perfection of acupuncture theory and interpretation of ancient literature on the one hand, and improve application and adoption of ancient experiences in current clinical practice.

类穴，是以主治共性的维度对腧穴进行的划分。现有研究在一定程度上表明，腧穴主治共性与所在部位存在确切关系，并有通过现代研究方法探索、验证的尝试；但未见系统全面的类穴理论构建，缺少明确规范的理论表达，诸多相关问题未得到深入分析，无以直观呈现类穴规律。基于此，本题以中医、针灸文献数据库为基础，挖掘其中有关类穴的理论内容，对比、整合经典至后世经验，以数据呈现演变特征；通过文献理论研究方法，根据构成要素、腧穴归属、腧穴关系、理论化程度等，界定类穴划分方式；明确类穴主治与部位相关的各项因素，对所治病证、所在部位进行量化处理，从特性与数量两个角度，对比分析相关程度；由此，综合建构类穴理论体系，并在模型理论框架下，构筑类穴理论模型，进行直观的图式化呈现。本题拟通过全面系统的类穴理论建构，深化对腧穴主治与部位关系规律的认识，一方面助于针灸理论完善与文献解读，另一方面推动临床实践中对古代经验的运用与承袭。

“类穴”，是指在一定医学观念指导下，根据主治或作用等特性而分类的腧穴，涵盖一般所称的“特定穴”，以及其他相同原理的腧穴组类，其内容出自古代医学文献。同一组类穴，所治病证的部位、范围、种类、特点等相同或相似，而所在部位也多位于身体同一节段或对应位置，如果将这一归类特点进行延展，则可探索出更多腧穴的身形部位与主治功能的关联规律。本研究由此出发，旨在探索腧穴所在部位与主治病症的关系。在既有数据库基础上，扩充收集文献文本范围；对全部文献进行清洗，筛选，共收集“病症/病证+腧穴”、“腧穴+病症/病证”的完整语境文段47935条，从中提取、汇总始见主治及文献出处，作为类穴主治病症数据统计基本资料；并对既有现代研究文献进行计量统计分析，从另一侧面支持本研究提出的假设的必要性与可行性；从古代文献语言特点出发，对腧穴主治病症进行语义分析，并建构语义模型；利用质性分析方法标记主治病症特征，并对不同身形部位关系的腧穴主治进行对比分析，验证假设。研究在定量的基础上，进行深度定性的理论、文献研究的探索，提出腧穴部位相对，主治病症相关的重要规律，由此提升了身体部位在针灸理论中的意义；并基于身形理论重新理解、解释经脉内涵，使经脉与腧穴的关系更为明晰；上述研究为提出“针灸施治处”概念范畴提供了逻辑基础，从而明确了相对于腧穴的“非穴”的意义，首次提出既有针灸理论体系“腧穴”之外的针灸刺激处的理论缺位；提出“针灸施治处”概念范畴，形成穴与非穴的理论构建。.本课题系统整理、提取出腧穴主治的古代文献资料，探索运用定量、定性相结合的统计学方法，来佐证和呈现类穴部位与其主治相关的特点，及其主治共性规律，论证、阐明腧穴内涵，提出完善针灸理论范畴与合理结构，对挖掘并科学认识针灸治疗规律，理解传统针灸理论，传承、运用针灸治病经验，都具有积极、可拓展的理论意义与实践价值。