水足迹视角下纺织产品工业生产水资源负荷评价研究

Textile industry is a typical water consumption industry. It also is one of the main waste water discharge industries. The industrial production of textiles is a long processing chain. Many procedures of the processing chain consume water and discharge high concentration waste water with completed pollutants. Establishing a method for the comprehensive assessment of the water resource load caused by the industrial production of textiles is an urgent industrial issue to be resolved. The objective of this project is to establish the comprehensive assessment method based on water footprint theory, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory and ecological risk assessment theory. Firstly, construct the water footprint unit of the industrial production of textiles to investigate the input-output and pollutants producing mechanism based on water consumption and waste water discharge. Then, calculate grey water footprint and finish the process unit distribution of grey water footprint. Secondly, filtrate typical pollutants and establish new water footprint indicator to assess the pollution level based on toxicology data. Finally, establish the comprehensive assessment method considering quantity and quality effects on water resource to reveal the water resource load caused by the industrial production of textiles. This research will perfect industrial water footprint accounting and assessing theory and establish a comprehensive assessment method. The achievements of this project can be as measurement basis for the comparison of caused water resource load between procedures and textile products. This is helpful for textile manufacturing enterprises to strengthen water resource consumption and pollution generating management and can be as useful reference for the government to formulate water-saving and pollution emission reduction management policies. Another significance of this project is that it can set an example for the research of water resource load assessment in other industries.

纺织工业是典型的耗水行业和主要的废水排放行业，纺织产品的工业生产工艺链条长，耗水排水工序多，废水污染物组成复杂且浓度高，综合评价纺织产品工业生产的水资源负荷是当前亟待解决的一大行业难题。本项目运用水足迹理论、模糊综合评判理论和生态风险评价理论，构建纺织产品工业生产水足迹单元，明确以水为主线的投入产出和产污机理，核算灰水足迹并完成工序单元分配；筛选特征污染物，基于毒理数据构建污染度水足迹新指标；最后综合考虑量和质二维层面的水资源影响，完成纺织产品工业生产工序单元水资源负荷的综合评价。通过本项目的研究，进一步完善产品工业水足迹核算和评价理论体系，构建基于量和质的工业生产水资源负荷综合评价方法，为纺织产品工业生产水资源负荷的纵向(沿工艺链)和横向(产品之间、同工艺链段之间)比较提供度量依据，有助于纺织生产企业加强水资源取用和产污管控，为政府制定节水减排管控政策提供参考，并具有较好的行业示范意义。

纺织产品的工业生产工艺链条长，耗水排水工序多，消耗大量的水资源，并产生较多组成复杂且浓度高的废水和污染物，当前单纯从量(耗水量、废水及污染物排放量)的层面不能全面地反映纺织产品工业生产的水资源环境负荷。构建基于量和质的纺织产品生产水资源环境负荷量化和综合评价方法，实现纺织产品工业生产水资源管控的可计量、可评价和可报告，全面反映纺织产品工业生产造成的水资源环境负荷是纺织产品绿色设计和绿色制造的需要解决的重要问题。.本项目在纺织产品水足迹研究的基础上，重点研究纺织产品水足迹核算与评价中灰水足迹拆分、特征废水污染物筛选、基于污染物的水足迹指标构建和水足迹综合评价等内容。通过本项目的研究，根据纺织产品生产特点、产品属性、产污特征，确定了灰水足迹产量拆分和产值拆分原则，解决灰水足迹拆分的关键问题；基于废水污染物的毒性影响特征，建立了废水特征污染物筛选方法，明确了废水污染物管控的重点；建立了水短缺足迹、水劣化足迹多维指标，对纺织产品生产的水资源环境负荷进行多维量化，并建立综合评价方法，实现产品间、工艺间的比较评价，并选取丝绸服装产品进行生产加工水资源环境负量化与评价示范，解决纺织产品生产水资源环境负荷的量化、评价和比较的关键技术问题，完善了纺织产品水足迹核算与评价理论体系。.项目资助期间，项目组在SCI收录的源刊上发表标注本项目资助的学术论文6篇，EI收录的源刊上发表标注本项目资助的学术论文1篇，发表标注本项目资助的中文核心期刊学术论文3篇，发表标注本项目资助的国际会议论文1篇。申请国家发明专利3件。.基于本项目研究成果，初步开发纺织产品工业水足迹核算与评价系统，应用于纺织行业绿色制造大数据积累、低水足迹产品认证等，一方面对于纺织产品的绿色设计和绿色制造具有指导意义，另一方面对于生产企业更有目标的减少纺织产品生产的水资源环境负荷，提高产品的绿色竞争力具有重要意义。