井下密闭空间爆炸风险动态定量化评估模型

Most of traditional methods to determine the explosibility of an underground coal mine sealed volume are only limited to classify it as "Explosive/Not-explosive" with the qualitative mode of "0/1". However, the migration and changing of mixed gas in the sealed volume would be affected by various factors which may cause the transit time of being from "not-explosive" to "explosive" is very short. Accordingly, the qualitative determination results are insufficient to properly assess the explosibility risk. In order to address this problem, by combing the different research approaches, such as theoretical analysis, experiential study, numerical simulation and field testing, this project will explore the migration rules of gases in the sealed volume under the condition of collaborative interaction of various factors with emphasis on the explosion condition formation. Based on that, a dynamic and quantitative model will be developed to track the explosibility changing of the sealed volume. With establishing the corresponding risk degree, the risk assessment for the volume can be well performed. The research results by this project can provide safety guidelines for reasonable managing the sealed underground volume. In addition, the proposed model also has significances for protecting the similar engineering facilities which are used to store the flammable and explosive gas. The expected research achievements of project include 3 SCI- indexed journal papers and 1 utility software.

传统的对煤矿井下密闭区内气体的爆炸性多为"不可爆/可爆"这种"0/1"模式的定性判断。然而由于密闭区内混合气体的运移受到多重外界因素的影响，导致其所代表的失爆与可爆的相互转化往往发生在一瞬间。故此，仅仅使用定性的判断并不足以很好地反映所存在的风险。为了解决这一问题，本项目采用理论分析、实验研究、数值模拟和现场测试多种研究手段相结合的方法，从爆炸条件形成规律这一思路入手，探究多种因素协同互动条件下煤矿井下密闭区内气体场运移规律。在此基础上开发动态、量化的模型来追踪密闭区内混合气体失爆与可爆相互转化的过程。通过构建对应危险等级来完成对密闭区空间的爆炸风险性评估。本项目的研究成果可以为安全地管理井下密闭空间提供科学的依据。此外，所开发的爆炸风险评估模型对类似的存储可燃、易爆气体的工程设施的防护也具有借鉴意义。项目成果预计发表3篇SCI检索论文，开发1套专用风险评估软件。

由于井下密闭空间内混合气体的运移受到多种外界因素影响，导致其代表的失爆与可爆相互转化往往发生在一瞬间，传统的对煤矿井下混合气体爆炸性的“不可爆/可爆”的定性判断，并不足以很好地反映所存在的风险。本项目构建了考虑多重因素下的煤矿井下的密闭空间体系内气体成份的演化状态其数学模型，描述体系内多场（压力场，气体浓度场、温度场）耦合互动条件下的气体成份的变化状态，并进行了相关数值模拟计算研究。搭建了模拟密闭空间内气体场运移研究实验室研究装置平台，开展了不同通风条件（通风量、瓦斯涌出量、通风压力、工作面通风系统）多重组合条件下的采空区气体爆炸性区域的范围及移动运移规律，实验结果一方面校正了前述理论模型，另一方面总结了可燃可爆性区域的气体整体成层运移特性。通过已经发明的修正气体爆炸性鉴定新方法，对于已具备爆炸能力的混合气体，推导出其在在不同惰化方法作用下到达非爆状态的安全预估时间数学模型。对于不具备爆炸性的混合气体，推导出了变为具有爆炸性的最小预估时间，提出了复杂条件下气体是否趋近爆炸区域的条件辨别式。项目的研究结果改进了传统的简单定性判断，将失爆与可爆相互转化的过程进行了定量化的描述，尤其是提供了其走向趋势的预测方法及预估时间计算结果，为密闭区超前安全预警提供了有效手段，为实现可靠、安全的通风管理奠定基础。