中国蛉蟋科系统学研究

Crickets are important insects in traditional Chinese culture, as well as one of the best materials for sound communication studies. However, the taxonomy research of crickets in China is progressing slowly. Fauna Sinica of crickets has not been published. Family Trigonidiidae is a group of crickets with body length shorter than 10 mm, which makes it difficult for identification. Foreign researchers have described many new species in more and more regions by morphology, sings and molecular features. However, Chinese researchers only focus on morphological description. Crickets in some Chinese areas have not been investaged and basic data are insufficient. Moreover, the relationship of genera under family is unclear and the monophyly of each genus remains to be verified. In this project, specimens will be collected and checked. Each species will be described by morphology to clarify synonym. Then by sequenced six molecular markers, the phylogenetic tree of Chinese Trigonidiidae crickets will be reconstructed. At last, these results will be used for making a more natural classification system and the character features of each genus will be defined. This project will accumulate data for the cricket taxonomy to improve Chinese international influence and ensure other aspects of Orthoptera reseaches.

蟋蟀既是重要的中国传统文化昆虫，也是研究声音通讯等行为学的首选材料。但是国内对于蟋蟀的分类学研究工作进展缓慢，至今也未有相关动物志出版。蛉蟋科昆虫是一类体型较小的蟋蟀，体长一般不到10毫米，不易鉴定。在国外的分类学研究中，通过形态、鸣声、分子标记等特征，在越来越多的地区发现了许多新种类，而我国的蛉蟋科分类研究尚停留在形态描述阶段，部分地区也缺乏调查，家底不清。此外蛉蟋科的属间系统发育关系尚未被系统研究，各属的单系性仍有待验证。因此，本项目拟通过野外采集标本和检视各地馆藏标本的方法，对中国蛉蟋科进行详尽的形态描述，厘清同物异名，确立种的有效性；再通过六个分子标记，重新构建分子系统树；并将其反哺于经典分类学，建立更自然的分类系统，归纳属征，系统修订该类群。本研究将为蛉蟋科分类系统积累数据，从而提高我国在蟋蟀科系统学研究中的国际影响力，为直翅目昆虫其它方面的研究提供有力保障。

蟋蟀与人类关系密切，雄虫会通过前翅摩擦发音，是人们最为熟知的一类昆虫。蛉蟋科属于蟋蟀总科下的一个科级单元，具有较高的多样性，其分类学及系统发育学相关问题尚没有得到很好的解决。本项目基于馆藏标本及项目执行期间所采集得到的标本，结合分子学研究，对其进行详尽的整理及归类。蛉蟋科分为蛉蟋亚科与针蟋亚科两类，蛉蟋亚科通过COI-18S-28S基因联合建树，厘清了国内13个属（含2新属）。针蟋亚科同样通过上述基因，厘清了国内5个属（含2新属）的分类修订工作。此外，对于金蛉蟋属、墨蛉蟋属、海针蟋属、直脉蛉属等分类研究中，共报道蟋蟀新种6种。本项目的形态学结果与分子学结果相互印证，厘清了部分疑难种，订正个别长期存在争议的分类单元。这些工作也大大提高了我国蟋蟀类昆虫的多样性。