聚烯烃/功能化组装水滑石纳米复合材料界面织构与性能关系研究

It is vital to study on the interfacial texture and properties for obtaining a higher property and more superior functionality of the polymer/hydrotalcite (LDHs) nanocomposites, while it is a very difficult research topic. Polyolefin/layered double hydroxides (PO/LDHs) nanocomposites with exfoliated structure will be prepared by factionalized assembly and melting grafted polymerization. Acrylic ester functional monomer (AEFM) is prepared and it will react with LDHs, therefore, the structure assembly and functional of LDHs can be obtained by changing the structure of AEFM, and the interfacial reaction and micromechanism between AEFM and LDHs will be studied, and the molecule assembly model of LDHs will founded by functionalizing acrylate monomer; the interfacial texture, morphology, reaction and the formulation of PO/LDHs nanocomposites will be investigated, and the crystallization behaviors, crystallization kinetics, mechanical properties and flame retardancy will also be investigated further; the principal of interfacial texture of PO/LDHs nanocomposites will be studied; acrylate functional monomer controlling the layered double hydroxide interface interaction and microscopic mechanism, acrylate functional monomer regulating the layered double hydroxide structure mechanism and mutual relation between the effect of polyolefin structure and performance will be revealed; the effect of the molecule assembly on the interfacial texture of PO/LDHs nanocomposites will be investigated, and the relationship between texture structure and properties will also founded; the new method and new theory will be provided for preparing the excellent mechanical properties and stable structure PO/LDHs nanocomposites, and the design and high properties of PO/LDHs nanocomposites will be prepared by this technology; We will also play a solid foundation for the preparation and application of polymer materials with excellent properties; therefore, the study of this project has very important theoretical significance and practical application prospect.

实现界面的择优取向（织构）与可控，是获得综合性能更优异并赋予特殊功能的聚烯烃/水滑石(LDHs)纳米复合材料的难点与关键。本项目拟采用功能化组装、熔融插层与接枝反应聚合物构建不同界面结构聚烯烃/LDHs纳米复合物，通过丙烯酸酯功能化分子（AEFM）插层组装LDHs，实现LDHs表面结构的可控与功能化，研究AEFM与LDHs界面织构以及形成机理，构建功能化AEFM组装LDHs结构的分子模型；研究聚烯烃/LDHs纳米复合物的界面织构特征及其形成机制，创建界面作用模型；研究聚烯烃/LDHs纳米复合物的界面织构与结晶动力学、力学与阻燃性能关系，建立聚烯烃/LDHs纳米复合物的形态-结构-性能之间的相互关系。为研制出具有优良力学性能和稳定形态结构的高性能剥离型聚烯烃/LDHs纳米复合物提供新的研究方法和新的理论，为其应用奠定坚实基础，具有重要的理论研究意义与实际应用前景。

本项目通过功能化组装水滑石（LDHs）与分子模拟、聚烯烃/LDHs纳米复合材料的界面织构构建与性能关系以及应用拓展等方面的研究，实现了以粉煤灰为原料制备镁铝水滑石（MgAl-LDHs）、十二烷基磺酸以及十二烷基苯磺酸等功能化改性LDHs、功能化水滑石@无机纳米粒子的杂化织构与LDHs板层织构调控目的；通过构建LDHs层板结构位向关系，DFT结合COSMO模型研究了其量子化学反应特性，发现并提出了LDHs的缺陷增强吸附理论，为高性能、多功能LDHs的开发提供了坚实理论指导。介观模拟（CGMD）手段结合实验研究了乙烯-丙烯酸嵌段物（EAA）与聚丙烯（PP）共混物的相形态，EAA结构对EAA与聚丙烯共混物的相形态影响，EAA与聚丙烯混合比对共混物的相形态影响，并对相形态影响机制与控制机理进行了探索，发现并揭示了剪切织构机制；通过CGMD计算与实验结合研究了PP、 EAA、LDHs三元共混物界面织构特征、形成机制与性能关系，揭示了软硬界面织构特征形成及对聚丙烯结晶与热性能影响机制，发现功能化LDHs对聚丙烯的晶面取向具有明显影响，通过对LDHs的功能化织构可以实现聚丙烯的晶面织构和结晶织构，从而提升聚丙烯材料的综合性能，为原位制备水滑石@阻燃剂杂化纳米材料及其阻燃聚合物材料的功能化应用奠定了良好的理论基础，在建筑、电器领域具有良好的应用前景。应用拓展研究表明，以粉煤灰为原料制备镁铝水滑石具备良好的磷吸附作用，水滑石及其煅烧产物（LDO）以及杂化改性CuO@LDO、功能化水滑石@无机纳米粒子的杂化织构和LDHs板层织构调控对刚果红（CR）等染料的具有优良的吸附性能，在废水以及废渣无害化、资源化利用工程方面具有良好的应用前景。.通过本项目的研究，取得了预期的研究成果，项目研究执行期间内，课题组成员共计发表学术论文22篇，其中SCI收录论文16篇，中文核心以上论文6篇，获授权中国发明专利1件，申请中国发明专利1件，受邀参加国内外学术会议7人次，共培养研究生17名，其中博士2人，毕业研究生7人。