基于高密度测点的边坡地形煤矿采动裂缝面波勘探与坡体失稳评估

Environmental geology problems caused by long-term intensive coal mining are one of critical issues to be solved during ecological restoration in the mining areas of Shanxi province. This proposed research focuses on the coal mining induced earth fissure development mechanism and the slope damage evaluation. The relation between earth fissure development and slope stability is to be established. Methods for earth fissure survey and landslide risk assessment are to be developed. This study will adopt various approaches including lab model testing, numerical simulation, and field measurement. A "mining stope - overlying strata - slope" scale-down geological model will be designed and manufactured following the Similitude Theory with a comprehensive consideration of both stress and wave fields. A corresponding numerical model will be constructed as well. Through coal excavation simulation, the dynamic relation between earth fissure and slope instability is to be revealed. With the low-cost, wireless, and self-localization receivers developed previously, high density array surface wave methods by an integrated use of active and passive excitations are to be explored for earth fissure prospection in field, yielding the distribution and geometrical information of earth fissures in mining areas. Based on the earth fissure measurements, the landslide risk can be evaluated with the help of the Bayesian theory for raining probability forecast. Study results of this proposed project are expected to provide theoretical and technical supports for geoenvironment protection and ecological restoration in mining regions of China.

煤炭长期高强度开采造成的地质环境问题是山西矿区生态修复首先要解决的难题。本项目针对边坡地形条件下井中采煤诱发的地表裂缝和坡体损害开展研究，确定采动裂缝参数和滑坡灾害的关系，建立边坡地形条件下地裂缝勘探及滑坡危险性评估方法。项目将结合模型试验、数值模拟、现场实测，深入揭示地裂缝动态发育规律和坡体损害机理，建立主动源和被动源联合的地裂缝空间分布精细勘探面波方法，在此基础上借鉴贝叶斯概率理论提出滑坡危险性评价方法。项目综合考虑力学和波动两类物理场设计并开展“采场-上覆岩层-地表坡体”的缩比模型试验；借助前期研发的自定位、低成本无缆检波器实现高密度面波勘察，为矿区地裂缝三维探查提供新思路。研究成果将为我国矿区地质环境保护及生态修复提供理论支撑和技术积累。

煤矿区长期高强度开采造成的地质环境问题往往容易引发次生地质灾害，形成采空区沉陷，诱发地表裂缝和坡体损害。本项目采用模型试验、数值模拟、现场实测的方法，针对采煤区地裂缝的发育规律和边坡损害机理开展探索研究，完成了计划书中的研究内容。主要成果有：1）根据大面积高强度地下开采对应的地面观测资料的综合分析，初步获得了山坡地表移动变形基本特征；2）深入开展了主动源、被动源面波勘探技术和适用性研究，特别分析了利用埋入源作为多道面波的激发源（比如地下采动裂缝）开展现场面波试验中的一些关键技术问题，总结了埋入源多道面波分析(MASW)中最小偏移距的估计方法，提出了利用分数阶傅里叶变换（FrFT）快速识别可控震源激发的地震信号震相的方法；3）针对山西矿区特点，利用自组网的ZigBee（紫蜂协议）技术和高精度的差分定位模块，研制了一种实时传输数据的高精度自定位无缆地震采集系统；4）结合煤矿开采的现实需求，进行了煤矿深部开采地表沉陷的控制方法研究，探讨了地面沉降及坡体稳定的有限元数值模拟和安全评估方法，对煤矿开采诱发的地表沉陷、地下结构支护等相关技术问题开展了深入探讨。.本项目的研究内容涉及现场踏勘的地质认识、面波勘探技术应用、地震采集系统研制、煤矿开采支护和地表形变规律等研究，相关研究成果为山西煤矿区的地裂缝探查和煤矿安全开采供了理论支撑和技术积累，已在国内外学术期刊发表论文13篇、会议论文1篇，其中SCI检索论文6篇，申请国家发明专利2项。人才培养：培养博士研究生1人（已毕业）、硕士研究生5人（4人毕业，1人在读）。