煤炭自燃防治理论及方法

Application of physical and chemical test methods, analysis of the chemical structure of different types of coal, to establish the characteristics of the coal structure model; application of theoretical and experimental methods of systematic study of the mechanism of coal and oxygen adsorption, chemical reaction mechanisms to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal-based inerting mechanism of resistance, spontaneous combustion process due to the interaction mechanism of internal and external, to reveal the nature of law and the evolution of coal spontaneous combustion mechanism, establish a new theory of the mechanism of coal spontaneous combustion. Application of ignition new theory, combined with the TGA experiments, the establishment of the fire to determine the activation energy of coal spontaneous combustion theory and the difficulty to determine the difficulty of the new coal spontaneous combustion methods, techniques and indicators; gas interaction with the hazard of spontaneous combustion mechanism, revealing oxygen and coal , the three hazard occurrence and development of gas evolution, warning gas explosion suppression technology parameters; application of percolation theory and mass transfer, heat transfer theory coal (mining) mechanism of spontaneous combustion of coal disasters play raw, spontaneous combustion of coal and coal mine fire guide students with speech law, instead of CO2 or N2 gas and CO2 gas disaster of broken coal adsorption mechanism, the establishment of the basic theory of coal spontaneous combustion prevention technology system. To predict spontaneous combustion period, to determine the location of the fire source, inerting and isolation test results provide theoretical support; Theory and the prevention of spontaneous combustion of coal-based theoretical breakthrough technology for the development and application of effective prevention and treatment of spontaneous combustion of coal in laying the theoretical foundation.

应用物理化学测试手段，分析不同种类煤的化学结构，建立煤的特征结构模型；应用理论和实验的方法系统研究煤与氧的吸附机理、化学反应机理，预防煤自燃的阻化惰化机理，自燃过程中的内外因相互作用机理等，揭示煤炭自燃本质规律及演化机制，建立煤自燃机理新理论。应用自燃新理论，结合热重实验，建立判定煤自燃难易的着火活化能理论和判定煤炭自燃难易的新方法、技术和指标体系；研究自燃与瓦斯相互作用致灾机理，揭示氧与煤、瓦斯三者致灾发生发展与演化规律，预警抑制瓦斯爆炸技术参数；应用渗流理论和传质、传热理论研究煤田（矿）煤自燃灾害演生机理、煤田与煤矿自燃导火带演生规律，研究CO2或烟气替代N2防灾CO2气体与破碎煤岩中的吸附机理，建立煤自燃预防技术基础理论体系。为预测自然发火期、确定火源点位置、惰化与隔绝效果检验提供理论支撑；实现煤炭自燃理论及其预防技术基础理论突破，为开发和应用有效的煤炭自燃防治技术奠定理论基础。

采用热重实验和热解动力学分析法进行FＲ－1阻化泡沫防灭火技术研究，以天池矿102综放孤岛工作面的应用为例，研究结果表明，FＲ－1阻化泡沫能有效提高煤的失水活化能，具有良好的阻燃作用，能有效防止综放孤岛工作面的采空区自燃。通过热重试验针对煤矿火灾事故封闭火区内不同煤种生成气体组分及其变化过程进行研究，确定煤燃烧阶段的温度范围。用自制程序升温系统完成褐煤燃烧实验，研究褐煤燃烧阶段碳氧化物生成规律，结果表明格雷哈姆系数可作为预测褐煤燃烧状态的指标。.针对工作面采空区自燃发火问题， 采用了现场监测与数值模拟相结合的方式对其进行区域危险性判定。.对坑口电厂烟道气用于煤矿采空区防灭火的可行性进行了数值计算。计算模型中引入了非均质孔隙率、在烟道气的处理中引入了多组分气体输运方程，计算结果显示：注入烟道气后采空区“自燃带”面积明显变小。通过采空区内不同位置烟道气运移连续监测，可获得采空区高效防灭火合理注入参数。.利用化学反应动力学和燃烧爆炸理论，根据已建立的数学模型对瓦斯爆炸过程中反应物浓度变化，爆炸后主要致灾性气体CO、CO2浓度变化进行分析，研究C2H4体积分数对瓦斯爆炸过程的影响规律，.研究结果表明：CO浓度的变化趋势是先增加再减少，CO2浓度的变化趋势是先增加，然后基本保持不变；找出了促进瓦斯爆炸的主要反应步.混合气中含有C2H4时，会一定程度降低CH4的消耗速率，促进CO的消耗和CO2的生成。.研究封闭火区内不同煤种生成气体组分及变化规律，对生成的链烃初现温度体积分数及氧浓度变化规律进行了分析 研究结果表明: 煤变质程度越高，则其生成链烃气体的体积分数越小且耗氧量越大 当发生火灾事故且封闭火区后，可以综合考虑煤变质程度与火区监测的链烃生成量等因素，并根据链烃气体与温度的变化规律判定封闭火区火势发展状况，为进一步开展灭火奠定基础。