新型工业化循环水矩形对虾养殖池集污水动力特性研究

China leads the production of shrimp in the world for may years and the shrimp aquaculture has been developed into a pillar in the aquaculture industry. With the process of industrial upgrading and modernization program for aquaculture, Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) attracts strong and growing interest for providing a controlled environment that uniquely favors shrimp welfare and operational performance. However, how to achieve great performance of concentrating and removing quickly solids that settle down inside the tank is the key issue in shrimp RAS. In the tank with intensive shrimps, solids decomposition will produce additional ammonia that predisposes shrimp to bacterial gill disease and the infection, leading to the failure of aquaculture, if these solids cannot be removed efficiently. Therefore, the efficiency of solids removal influences water quality in the tank and is the key point for a successful shrimp RAS. To improve the efficiency of solids removal, a new rectangular tank design characterized by dual-inlet with one set in the surface and one set in the bottom on the opposite end has been proposed. Laboratory experiment and coupled numerical simulation will be employed to investigate the effect of solid property, tank geometry design, inlet and outlet configuration and aeration plug-flow setup on the efficiency of solid removal. Comprehensive analysis will be made to reveal the hydrodynamic mechanism of solid removal. A hydrodynamic solid removal model will be developed and the corresponding method for evaluating solid efficiency also will be proposed.so as to make it possible to remove solids in the tank efficiently. This research not only can enrich the hydrodynamic theory of aquaculture engineering, but also provide theoretical guidance and valuable reference in shrimp RAS, showing great potential in engineering application and theoretical research.

对虾养殖是我国水产养殖业中极具代表性的产业之一，多年来对虾年产量稳居世界首位。随着水产养殖产业转型升级的精准化生产需求，工业化循环水成为极具发展前景的对虾养殖模式。然而，如何实现池内高效集污是其面临的首要产业制约难题，污物不及时排出进而分解会产生大量有害物质使水质恶化，威胁对虾存活率和养殖效益。因此，养殖池集污性能的优劣直接关系到池内水质好坏，是对虾养殖成败的关键所在。为此，本项目以提升对虾养殖池集污性能为目标，提出表层和底层双射流驱动式新型矩形养殖池设计，通过模型试验和耦合数值模拟，系统地研究污物类型、虾池结构、进排水系统、曝气增氧系统对集污性能的影响，揭示集污水动力学机制，建立集污水动力学模型，提出定量评估集污性能的方法，实现对虾养殖池精准高效集污。研究成果可为对虾养殖业提供科学的指导，助力蓝色粮仓建设，丰富完善该领域的知识体系，促进学科发展，具有重要的科学意义和显著的实际应用价值。

对虾养殖是我国水产养殖业中极具代表性的产业之一，多年来对虾年产量稳居世界首位。随着水产养殖产业转型升级的精准化生产需求，工业化循环水成为极具发展前景的对虾养殖模式。然而，如何实现池内高效集污是其面临的首要产业制约难题，污物不及时排出进而分解会产生大量有害物质使水质恶化，威胁对虾存活率和养殖效益。因此，养殖池集污性能的优劣直接关系到池内水质好坏，是对虾养殖成败的关键所在。本项目主要通过物理模型实验和数值模拟的方法研究了矩形长槽式养殖池、矩形直切角养殖池、矩形圆切角养殖池和圆形养殖池的集污水动力特性，建立了不同类型循环水养殖池集污水动力研究方法，明确了养殖池内典型污物的起动条件和运动模式，揭示了养殖池结构、进水系统以及出水系统等因素对养殖池）污物运动与水动力的影响规律，阐明了养殖池的集污机制，为养殖池的结构设计提供了参考。