基于第3步足的阳澄湖产中华绒螯蟹微化学“指纹”及其产地判别特征研究

Based on our effective pilot study and complete analytical instruments, the precision, non-traditional fishery approaches of solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS), isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), and electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) will be applied integratedly in the present study to innovatively investigate and visualize the microchemical “fingerprint” patterns of the "target" key elements (including stable isotopes) related to habitat within our specially selected material-the third pereiopods of Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) from the Yangchenghu Lake. Additionly, the habitat elemental connectivity will be studied among the samples of the pereiopod, ambient habitat water and sediment. The veracity, formulation principles along with time, and irreplaceability of the obtained statistical models and maps of the microchemical “fingerprints” will be confirmed by the pereiopods from new sampled native adult crabs, the crabs at different stages during long-term culture throughout whole life history, and the short-term “bathed” adult crabs in the Yangchenghu Lake, respectively. The commercial crabs from markets in neighboring regions will be finally used to study the feasibility of the “fingerprints” on exact geographical origin traceability of native crabs cultured in the Yangchenghu Lake. It is expected by this study to provide urgently-needed new ideas, theoretical bases and possible service approaches, in a unique perspective, on authentication and “cracking the hard nut” of harmful effect from “bathed” crabs for the future orderly development of E. sinensis aquaculture.

在良好预备研究和设备条件的基础上，本项目拟尝试引入电感耦合等离子质谱、激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子质谱、稳定同位素比质谱和电子探针微区分析等非传统水产学的精密研究手段，创新性地系统探寻保存于阳澄湖产中华绒螯蟹(大闸蟹)特定研究试样-第3步足中对应产地养殖生境的关键"靶"元素及稳定同位素微化学"指纹"，并评价步足、生境水样、底质三者间微化学"指纹"的关联性，亦结合比较非湖区产蟹，把握"指纹"的特征及获得产地比对统计学数据模型及微化学图谱；再通过新采阳澄湖产成蟹、在湖区近全生活史长期养殖过程中所采各阶段蟹及短期"洗澡"养殖蟹样来分别验证上述步足"指纹"的准确性、经时形成规律及短期不可洗成性的设想；最后还将利用周边市场商品蟹来探索上述比对模型和图谱的实用性。上述机理性研究有望从"水土-蟹"视角为破解长期困扰大闸蟹产业有序发展的原产地溯源和判别以及避免“洗澡蟹”危害提供新思路，理论依据和可能的技术途径。

中华绒螯蟹（大闸蟹）是我国水产养殖的主养品种，高值水产品的典型代表，水产品原产地保护的“旗舰种”之一。最为知名的阳澄湖大闸蟹长期受到“洗澡蟹”等假冒蟹的侵害，而其产地鉴别和保护途径一直是亟待解决的科研难题。在扎实的前期积累、先进的设备条件和对国内外最新进展有充分把握的基础上，本项目首次综合引入了电感耦合等离子质谱、激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子质谱、稳定同位素比质谱、电子探针微区分析、几何形态学、智能味觉分析等非传统水产学的精密研究手段，创新性地证实了保存于阳澄湖产大闸蟹特定非致死研究试样-第3步足中来自湖区“水土”环境元素及稳定同位素微化学"指纹"具有阳澄湖特异性产地特征的设想；并联动发现，这种“水土”差异性也同时反映在更可直观体现品质状况的阳澄湖蟹甲（特别是背甲）形态和肌肉滋味特征上。本研究还掌握了步足、生境水样、底泥三者间微化学"指纹"的关联性；并通过从扣蟹到商品蟹周年长期养殖过程中所采各阶段蟹及1个月短期"洗澡"养殖蟹样，破解了阳澄湖原产蟹微化学"指纹"及几何形态学特征等的经时形成规律（即阳澄湖蟹第三步足元素和稳定同位素微化学"指纹"特征的定型分别至少需要3个月和6个月，而背甲形态特征的定型至少需要6个月的时间）及证明了上述“洗澡蟹”的微化学“指纹”和背甲形态特征均无法“洗白”成原产蟹事实。本研究亦结合与国内阳澄湖之外多产地大闸蟹的比较，获得了适宜于产地鉴别的多元统计数据模型及微化学图谱；且利用不同年份新采阳澄湖原产成蟹及采自阳澄湖周边苏州、无锡、上海等区市市场商品成蟹，确认了阳澄湖蟹特异性产地特征的稳定性和实用性。本项目的一系列机理性研究有效地从“一方“水土”环境养一方蟹”的视角，为破解长期困扰阳澄湖大闸蟹有序发展的产地溯源和保护难题，支撑产业的实际需求提供了创新思路，客观理论依据和技术应用途径。