照度和纵坡耦合作用下城市下穿隧道事故风险演化机理及设计参数优化

Urban tunnel is the road accident blackspot, and the accident here is hard to rescue, which may easily cause large range traffic jam and secondary accident. However, the research on accident’s formation mechanism is not sufficient, and the design and setting methods of roads and traffic facilities lack theoretical background and related standards. Firstly, the project, will explore the effect of environmental illumination and longitudinal slope on traffic safety of urban tunnels, based on the cognitive psychology theory. Moreover, relevant data will be obtained by designing the real vehicle test and driving simulator experiment, so as to extract the driver's physiological characteristics index, further to dig into the underlying change rules of the driver's physiological characteristics under the interactive effect of “illumination-longitudinal slope”, driving behavior and traffic flow characteristics. Hence, the relationship between road traffic safety and environmental illumination as well as longitudinal slope in such traffic scene will be revealed; Secondly, the combination of driver's physiological comfort index will be designed and its threshold will be calculated. Moreover, the accident risk evaluation model will be established and the evolution mechanism of risk will be analyzed. Based on the above works, this project is to propose the parametric optimal methods of illumination and road longitudinal for safety and efficiency, so as to work out the control measures as well as traffic facilities design and setting methods of urban tunnel taking the environment, roads and driving behavior into account. The research findings can enrich the basic theories about accident forming mechanism, road alignment design and lighting conditions in this traffic scene, and provide the solutions to traffic accidents in this traffic scene, as well as technical support for traffic control measures.

城市下穿隧道交通事故多发，且救援困难、易造成大范围拥堵和诱发二次交通事故，但事故形成机理缺乏研究，道路及交通设施设计和设置未形成理论和相关标准。项目针对环境照度和道路纵坡对城市下穿隧道行车安全的影响，以认知心理学为理论基础，设计实车实验和驾驶模拟器实验获取相关数据，提取驾驶人生理特性指标，挖掘“照度—纵坡”、驾驶行为、交通流特性交互效应下城市下穿隧道驾驶人生理特性变化规律，揭示该场景下环境照度和道路纵坡与交通安全的关系；设计驾驶人生理舒适性指标组合并计算阈值，建立基于生理舒适性的事故风险度评估模型，并分析风险演化机理；在此基础上研究兼顾安全及效率的道路纵坡和照明参数优化方法，提出考虑环境、道路和驾驶行为的城市下穿隧道管控措施及交通设施设计和设置方法。研究成果可丰富该交通场景下的事故形成机理、道路线形设计和照明条件基础理论，并为该场景下交通事故多发提供解决方法，交通管控措施提供技术支持。

项目基于城市下穿隧道交通事故多发，但事故形成机理缺乏研究，道路及交通设施设计和设置未形成理论和相关标准的实际情况开展研究，主要研究内容、结果及科学意义如下：.1）探究了驾驶人在不同参数条件下生理特性和驾驶行为的差异，提出了基于驾驶人生理舒适性的城市下穿隧道安全评价方法。科学意义：将驾驶人的心理生理特性引入城市下穿隧道安全设计中。.2）探究了城市下穿隧道不同段驾驶人行车速度、心率、横向车道偏移量、驾驶负荷，分析驾驶人生理特性和驾驶行为变化规律。科学意义：将城市下穿隧道与一般隧道区分，探索城市下穿隧道不同段的驾驶人生理特性和驾驶行为机理。.3）分析了不同侧墙图案对驾驶人驾驶行为和生理的影响，构建了综合模型评价不同图案的效果，建立了城市下穿隧道内部环境优化设计方法。科学意义：将仿生学引入城市下穿隧道不同侧墙图案设计，并通过生理特性进行评价。.4）量化了城市下穿隧道行车速度和驾驶人心率增长率的关系；提出基于城市下穿隧道驾驶人舒适阈值的最大安全坡度和车辆安全行车速度。科学意义：综合城市下穿隧道不同段、隧道参数、生理特性等多因素构建了道路安全限速模型。.5）量化了照度、坡度与驾驶人明暗适应时间之间的关系，通过敏感性分析得出驾驶人明暗适应时间对最大照度过渡值和坡度的敏感程度。科学意义：考虑了照度作用下的驾驶人生理特性，基于驾驶人生理特征舒适性，提出城市下穿隧道照度设计建议值。.6）基于驾驶人生理特征舒适性和安全性阈值的受试者工作特性曲线ROC判别模型，提出城市下穿隧道纵坡参数的优化为区间建议值。科学意义：考虑了纵坡参数下的驾驶人生理特性，基于驾驶人生理特征舒适性，提出城市下穿隧道纵坡设计建议值。.7）建立了基于行驶速度、车辆中心线偏移、驾驶员负荷的城市下穿隧道空间布置模型；提出适合驾驶人轻松通过城市下穿隧道的最优空间结构参数组合；科学意义：从驾驶人生理负荷的角度考虑城市下穿隧道空间结构参数设计。