新疆煤基活性炭的微波法定向制备及对多环芳烃吸附调控机制研究

Coal resources in Xinjiang is very rich, and its varieties and performance are verity， Which is advantageous resources for development of coal-based activated carbon. In addition, microwave are an efficient, fast, energy saving and good handling heating technologies are applied to prepare carbon materials field. However, in view of reparation of Xinjiang coal-based activated carbon by microwave method research have not been reported. Typical coal samples in Xinjiang as object of study in the project, directional preparation process of Xinjiang coal-based activated carbon using microwave method will been investigated and the process factors of carbonization and activation by microwave method for influencing the formation of surface structure the carbon will been understand, so that surface structure formation law of the activated carbon will been clarified. Through studying different structural characteristics of activated carbon prepared for adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollutants, the quantitative relationship of the adsorption between the surface structure of carbons and their adsorption properties on PAHs will been revealed, and the effect degree of surface structure of coal-based activated carbon on adsorption of typical PAHs was obtained. Preparation of activated carbon using microwave method and its regulatory mechanisms will be further to clarify. At the same time, energy-saving preparation method of carbonaceous adsorbents will been established under the condition of maintaining or enhancing the adsorption properties. By implementing this project, the coal-based activated carbon adsorbents for adsorption of PAHs were developed, which take advantage of the regional advantage resources could resolve the regional environment problems. The theoretical basis would be established for the further development and refinement of preparation process of carbon materials using microwave method.

新疆煤资源储量丰富、品种性能齐全，为煤基活性炭开发提供优势资源。而微波作为高效、快速、节能、操控性好的加热技术逐渐应用于炭材料领域。针对微波法定向制备新疆煤基活性炭及对有机污染物控制研究未见报道。项目拟以新疆典型煤样为研究对象，对新疆煤基活性炭的微波法定向制备过程进行研究，明确微波炭化及活化过程各因素对炭表面结构形成的影响程度，阐明微波法制备活性炭表面结构的形成规律。通过将结构特性相异的活性炭对多环芳烃污染物进行吸附研究，探讨炭表面结构与多环芳烃的吸附性能间的定量关系，进而阐明微波加热对煤基活性炭吸附多环芳烃的制-构-效关系。进一步揭示微波法定向制备对活性炭的表面结构形成规律及其对多环芳烃的吸附调控机制；项目的研究能够开发专用多环芳烃的活性炭吸附剂，并建立节能、降耗的炭质材料微波定向制备方法。同时，项目的实施能够为利用区域优势资源来解决区域环境问题具有重要的科学理论意义和实际应用价值。

持久性有机污染物多环芳烃（PAHs）由于其难生物降解性对环境造成了极大的危害，而活性炭（AC）孔隙结构发达、比表面积大，对非极性有机物吸附非常有利。本项目利用新疆丰富的煤资源，采用微波法定向制备及辅助改性煤基活性炭（CAC），并研究其对典型PAHs萘、菲、芘吸附性能及机制；另外利用微波法制备CAC负载TiO2光催化剂并进行光降解污染物萘、染料和甲醛研究，研究结果如下：.1. 获得不同原料制备CAC的工艺技术，无烟煤-AC：活化剂KOH，煤碱比1:3，微波时间12 min，微波功率700 W；有烟煤-AC：煤碱比1:2，微波时间8 min，微波功率700 W；长焰煤-AC：微波时间8 min，微波功率700 W。制备的CAC对亚甲基蓝（MB）和碘的吸附能力的大小为：无烟煤-AC＞有烟煤-AC＞长焰煤-AC。.2. CAC吸附萘、菲、芘的过程分为快吸附和慢吸附阶段；随温度的升高，吸附率和吸附量降低；随CAC用量的增加，吸附率升高，吸附量降低；随溶液初始浓度的增加，吸附率降低，吸附量增大；溶液初始pH和转速对吸附影响较小。吸附过程符合Langmuir模型和拟二级动力学方程。.3. 获得微波辅助改性CAC的工艺技术：微波时间8 min，微波功率500 W。微波辅助硝酸改性CAC最佳条件：硝酸浓度20%，改性时间16 h，微波时间8 min，功率500 W。微波辅助硝酸铁最佳条件：硝酸铁浓度0.05 M，微波时间5 min，功率300 W。微波辅助氨水改性CAC最佳工艺：氨水浓度10%，改性温度35°C，处理时间18 h，微波时间8 min，功率500 W。.4. 改性后的CAC孔隙结构发达，比表面积增加，平均孔径增加，表面酸性降低，碱性增加，对萘、菲、芘吸附符合Fredulich和二级动力学模型。 .5. 微波辅助溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2/AC最佳工艺条件：微波时间15 min，功率700 W，AC：TiO2凝胶为1：10。 Ce, N, P，La等修饰的TiO2/AC光催化剂在可见光下辐射150 min对萘降解率达93.5%。禁带宽度从3.01降到2.50 eV，重复应用5次光催化降解率可达85%。.该项目的研究结果已发表论文13篇，其中SCI论文10篇，中文科技核心文章3篇；申请中国发明专利4项，其中授权3项；参加国内外学术会议2次；培养硕士4名。