三维介孔石墨烯/导电聚合物复合材料的可控制备及其超电容性能研究

With the increasing serious energy shortage, efficient energy storage technology becomes a research hotspot as one of the strategic technologies to sustain the development of renewable energy sources. As a new energy storage device, supercapacitors attract much attention and electrode materials are the key factor to determine the performance. Deep research on graphene-based efficient energy storage materials has broad application prospects and realistic significance. In this project, controllable preparation of graphene oxide is based on the mechanism analysis to the chemical exfoliation process of graphite and the foundation of structure model. Graphene oxide and conducting polymers are composited in situ by establishing the method to control the functionalized groups, sites and amounts. Graphene and conducting polymer composites with high energy storage density are prepared by building three-dimension mesoporous structure. Laws of materials design, preparation and microstructure evolution are investigated, so the structure and properties of graphene and conducting polymer composite electrodes could be controlled. It resolves efficiently the worse dispersion and lower utilization rate of graphene itself, improves the electrochemical activity and utilization rate of conducting polymer, and increases simultaneously the transmission efficiency of ions and the affinity with the electrolyte. The key problem restricting the development of supercapacitors can be solved primarily, and it prepares the ground for the broad application of graphene-based supercapacitors.

随着能源短缺日益严峻，高效储能技术作为支撑可再生能源发展的关键战略性技术，成为研究热点。其中，超级电容器作为一种新型储能装置备受关注，而电极材料是超级电容器制备技术的关键。因此，基于石墨烯的高效储能材料研究，具有广阔的应用前景和现实意义。 本项目通过对化学剥离法作用机理的分析以及结构模型的建立，实现氧化石墨烯可控制备；通过建立控制功能化基团、位点和数量的方法，实现氧化石墨烯与导电聚合物原位复合；通过构筑三维介孔结构，制备出具有高储能密度的石墨烯/导电聚合物复合材料；探索材料设计、制备及微结构演化规律，实现复合电极材料结构与性能调控；有效解决石墨烯本身分散性不佳、比表面积利用率不高的问题，提高导电聚合物的电化学活性和利用率，同时提高离子传输效率及与电解液的亲和性，从根本上解决制约超级电容器发展的关键问题，为石墨烯基超级电容器的广泛应用奠定研究基础。

随着能源短缺日益严峻，高效储能技术作为支撑可再生能源发展的关键战略性技术，成为研究热点。超级电容器作为一种新型储能装置备受关注，其中电极材料是超级电容器制备技术的关键。本项目旨在研究基于石墨烯/导电聚合物复合材料的高性能超级电容器电极材料。采用化学剥离法制备氧化石墨烯前驱体，通过羧基功能化对氧化石墨烯进行改性，实现功能化氧化石墨烯与导电聚合物原位复合；通过分子插层剂实现还原氧化石墨烯的可控制备并与导电聚合物原位复合；分别采用泡沫Ni、聚糠醇、聚苯乙烯作为硬模板，结合化学活化法制备出三维多孔及介孔石墨烯，并与导电聚苯胺原位复合；采用自制的介观尺度的SiO2纳米球作为硬模板，制备出三维介孔石墨烯/导电聚苯胺复合材料；结果表明：通过三维介孔、多孔结构石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料的构筑，有效解决了石墨烯本身分散性不佳、比表面积利用率不高的问题，提高了导电聚合物的电化学活性和利用率，同时提高了离子传输效率。获得的三维介孔石墨烯/导电聚苯胺复合材料的比电容、功率密度、能量密度、循环稳定性得到明显提升，该项研究成果将为石墨烯基超级电容器的广泛应用奠定研究基础。