基于无线传感器网络的机场进近区助航灯单灯监测系统研究

For the single-lamp automatic detection of airfield lighting in the approach zone, a monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is developed. To reduce the energy consumption of network nodes and prolong the lifetime of the system, we propose a protocol based on the node energy and the distance between the nodes, and the protocol was designed by the node partition. In the protocol, the network energy can be saved through the optimization of both the node cluster-head number and the cluster- head election algorithm. In the MAC layer protocol, the problem of energy consumption during signal transmission is solved by using partitioning and clustering of the time division multiplexing algorithms between nodes. In the protocol, the time delay is reduced and the time synchronization is improved by the grid partition method which is on the basis of geography location of the nodes. In terms of sensor network nodes of airfield lighting, the problem of data redundancy is settled by means of the data fusion between cluster-head nodes and sink nodes, which can reduce the data transmission amount. By applying battery/photovoltaic dual power supply to the sink nodes and multiple-jump relay nodes, the robustness and reliability of the sensor network are improved. We can get the single-lamp state information in time through the single-lamp monitoring system. In the meantime, the system can provide optimization scheme for the digital maintenance, which can save manpower and material resources to further improve the support capacity of the airfield and ensure the safety during airplane landing and taking off in a complex weather environment. Besides, the kind of monitoring method based on WSNs is also can be applied to other similar airfield equipments.

为实现机场进近区助航灯单灯巡检自动化，提出基于无线传感器网络的助航单灯监测系统。研究基于节点地理位置分区的节点能量和节点之间距离双重约束网络路由协议，在区域内优化节点簇头数目和优选簇头以实现能量优化，降低网络能量消耗，延长网络生命周期。根据助航灯光网络节点物理位置已知的条件，提出在MAC层协议中利用分区、分簇的时分复用算法解决信号传输中能量消耗问题，通过节点物理位置分区方法解决MAC协议中传输时延和时间同步的问题。通过簇头节点和汇聚节点处数据融合，解决数据冗余减少数据传输量。在传感器网络中汇聚节点和多跳中继节点使用电池/光伏电源双重供电，提高了网络的健壮性和可靠性。通过助航单灯监测系统，可以及时了解单灯状态，同时依据助航灯光数据库为维修人员数字化维修提供优化方案，节省人力、物力资源，提高机场助航灯光保障能力，保证民航飞机在复杂气象条件下的起飞，降落安全。此方法也适用于机场其它类似设备。

本项目研究目标是:研究机场进近区基于节点地理位置分区的无线传感器网络低能耗路由协议和媒体介质传输协议;在此基础上研制基于无线传感器网络的助航灯光单灯监测系统样机,通过该系统实现对检测区域内助航单灯工作状况的监测。主要研究内容如下：1.根据监控区域内助航灯的分布特点，在基于节点地理位置分区及能量与距离双重约束的低能耗无线传感器网络路由协议基础上提出使用链式数据传输和基于能量驱动的簇头选举算法的AL-CAME协议；2.研究了基于分簇时分复用无线传感器数据链路层介质访问协议；3.为降低节点功耗，针对中继节点和汇聚节点，开展了数据融合优化策略研究；4. 以低功耗设计为基本原则，设计了符合低功耗要求的传感器网络节点，开展了节点传输距离实验和单节点能耗测试，初步进行了节点寿命评估。5.设计了基于无线传感器网络的单灯监测系统样机；6.在理论分析，计算机建模仿真验证的基础上,进行了基于无线传感器网络的单灯监测系统性能测试与现场试验。验证了所研究的低能耗路由算法的可行性。基于无线传感器网络的助航灯光单灯监测系统可实现单灯状态巡检自动化，从而提高机场维修效率、增强机场安全保障能力。助航灯光单灯监测可以实现远程灯光状态自动检测，为开展灯光系统故障预测和进行灯光系统可靠性评估提供坚实的基础。灯光监控的实施将在保证民航飞行安全方面发挥重要作用，在民航领域有着广阔的应用前景。