壁蜂属分子分类与分子系统学研究

Osmia is the second most diverse genus in Osmiini of Megachilidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). It has been recognized as one of the most important group of wild pollinator insects. The genus is widely distributed in the Palaearctic and the Nearctic regions, with over 335 species described worldwide so far. In China,this genus is mainly distributed in the Huabei and the Mengxin region, with 36 species from 4 subgenera recorded. However, there are many more Osmia species yet to be discovered and identified in China...Considering the ecological services of Osmia and the current research situation of morphological taxonomy of this genus in China, this proposal proposes the construction of both a DNA taxonomy system and molecular phylogeny of Osmia with the inprovement of the available morphological species database. These will ultimately serve to better understand species diversity of this group in China. We are going to adopt several molecular markers and different analyzing methods, so that species identity and phylogenetics of Osmia can be better resolved. ..Additionally, we will study questions of species delimitation and taxon samplimg, which are important theoretical or methodological aspects for DNA taxonomy on Osmia. What is more, we are expecting to resolve certain technical problems about concatenation of different loci into large data matrix and parellel computation while constructing phylogeny with large data set.

壁蜂（Osmia）是膜翅目蜜蜂总科切叶蜂科壁蜂族中的第二大属，是一类重要的野生传粉昆虫。世界范围内，其广泛分布于古北区和新北区。至今，共有被描记物种约335种。在我国，该属昆虫多分布于华北区和蒙新区。我国已记录分布有4亚属、36种，尚有大量物种有待发现。..鉴于该类昆虫的重要生态作用和我国的形态研究现状，本项目拟在完善我国壁蜂形态物种数据库的基础上，构建壁蜂的分子分类系统和属内分子系统发育关系，从而更加充分的了解我国壁蜂的物种多样性。具体研究中，本项目将利用多个分子标记和多种分析方法，为壁蜂属物种的分子鉴别和其属内系统发育关系提供科学依据。..同时，本项目还将深入探讨壁蜂属分子分类研究中的物种界定和取样密度等重要理论或方法问题。在将较大量分子数据用于系统发育构建时，本项目期望解决大数据矩阵构建、并行计算流程实现等技术问题。

壁蜂（Osmia）是膜翅目蜜蜂总科切叶蜂科壁蜂族中的第二大属，是一类重要的野生传粉昆虫。鉴于该类昆虫的重要生态作用和我国的形态研究现状，本项目计划对我国壁蜂进行系统的分子分类和分子系统关系研究，同时深入探讨分子分类研究中的物种界定和取样密度等重要科学问题。由于在项目具体执行中发现新鲜壁蜂样本呈量少也种类单一的特点，我们适时的将研究重点调整至分子分类取样密度研究和壁蜂相关类群形态研究方面。取样密度研究中，我们采用反映分子多态性的四个指标（即差异分布、核苷酸碱基多态性、单倍体数目和最大双序列距离）作为衡量指标对不同大小的模拟的数据逐一评估；结果认同样本越多越好的同时，发现单种群取样的最小值为20。该研究目前也整理成文，且在Ecology and Evolution杂志在线发表。壁蜂相关类群形态分类研究方面，在《中国动物志》研究基础上，我们对我国Anthidiellum属蜜蜂（膜翅目蜜蜂总科切叶蜂科黄斑蜂族 Cockerell， 1904）做了进一步厘定。相关论文已经投稿至Zootaxa杂志。整体而言，我们的研究工作基本基本达到了项目预期目标，对相关的学术研究具有积极的指导和参考价值。