高传递能量密度双轴补偿空芯脉冲发电机关键问题研究

This project is about a new two-axis compensated air-core compulsator. For the purpose of increasing the delivered energy density of this type of compulsator, the research of the design method and key issues of the machine will be carried out in this project. Focus on the conflicts between the discharge performance and the self-excitation efficiency for the existing compensation structure of the air-core compulsators, a two-axis compensation structure is proposed in this project. The compensation windings and the field windings are allocated on the same radius of the rotor, and displaced electrical orthogonally. During the discharge process, the self-shorted compensation windings provide the quadrature-axis compensation, while the freewheeling field windings provide the direct-axis compensation. The armature windings are compensated uniformly and have a constant lower inductance. This design has both the advantages of the good discharge performance as the passive compensation and the high self-excitation efficiency as the direct-axis compensation. Aiming at three aspects of power density, self-excitation efficiency and continuous discharge ability, research on the magnetic circuit design, self-excitation and energy recovery strategy, and the thermal management will be carried out to increase the delivered energy density of the air-core compulsator. Finally, by manufacturing and testing of the prototype, the validity of the theoretical analysis and the possibility of the two-axis concept will be verified. The breakthrough of key technologies and the solution of bottleneck problems will be useful for further analysis of this type of machine, and be fundamental for its application in the electromagnetic launch system.

本项目提出一种新型双轴补偿空芯脉冲发电机，并以提高该电机的传递能量密度为目标，对电机的设计方法和关键问题开展研究。针对空芯脉冲发电机现有补偿结构难以使电机放电性能和自激效率两方面同时达到最优的问题，本课题提出一种双轴补偿结构，电机的补偿绕组与励磁绕组电角度正交分布，且位于同一圆周面上，放电时自行短路的补偿绕组提供交轴补偿，工作在续流短路状态的励磁绕组提供直轴补偿，使电枢绕组得到均匀补偿而具有恒定的低电感，同时具备被动补偿结构放电性能好，以及直轴补偿结构自激效率高的综合优势。本课题从电机的功率密度、自激效率及连续运行能力三方面切入，对双轴补偿脉冲发电机的磁路设计，自激与能量回收策略，温升与冷却设计问题开展研究，从而提高空芯脉冲发电机的传递能量密度。通过样机的研制和实验，验证理论分析的正确性和方案的可行性，实现关键技术和瓶颈技术的突破，为该类电机的深入研究以及在电磁发射系统中的应用奠定基础。

本课题针对空芯补偿脉冲发电机传递能量密度低的问题，对电机的设计方法和关键问题开展了相关研究。针对电磁发射装置负载特性时变的特点，建立了CPA及其电磁发射负载系统的联合仿真模型，较之以往电机与固定负载模型更有效的对系统性能进行描述，为从负载需求的角度对CPA的传递能量密度进行比较和优化提供了分析工具。提出了一种双轴补偿结构，解耦了现有补偿结构放电性能与自激性能之间的约束关系。在不影响自激效率的前提下，使得CPA获得更高的输出电流，从功率密度的角度，提高了空芯CPA的传递能量密度。提出了基于有源逆变的励磁磁能回收方案，使放电结束后励磁绕组中的磁场储能转换为转子动能，从自激效率的角度，提高空芯CPA的传递能量密度。提出了定子内冷式换位冷却的新型主动冷却结构，解决了温升对CPA连发次数和连发频率的限制，从连续运行能力的角度，提高了空芯CPA的传递能量密度。通过实验研究，验证了仿真模型的准确性和方案的可行性。通过本基金研究，形成了完善的此类电机的理论分析方法、优化设计准则，也为其在脉冲功率源领域的工程应用做出了重要的基础性工作。